Definition Of Quantitative Research Methods - 944 Words

Quantitative research methods are most generally worried with weighing criminological or criminal justice existence. In order for this method to be understood, there are numerous amounts of conditions which must be initially recognized. Concepts are hypothetical labels assigned on reality that are appointed binary characters, hence making them changeable. Variables are then investigated to inspect designs of affiliation, as well as a chain of reaction. At the most basic level, there exists at least one dependent variable and one independent variable. The dependent variable is commonly referred to as the outcome variable. This is what the researcher is attempting to predict. The independent variable is commonly referred to as the predictor variable, and it is the variable that causes, determines, or precedes in time the dependent variable (Encyclopedia of Crime and Justice, 2002). Consider the following examples. Even at the main level, one self-reliant, as well as one dependent varia ble is present. The self-reliant variable is frequently referred to as the end result variable. This variable is what the analyst is trying to guess. The dependent variable is most generally referred to as the fortune teller, and it is the one that provokes, concludes, or anticipates sooner or later the self-reliant variable. Opposed to quantitative research methods, qualitative methods are intended to seize existence as members encounter it, instead of in classifications decided in advance byShow MoreRelatedThe Definition Of Science And Research Methods1189 Words   |  5 Pagesbrief elaboration of the definition of science and research methods INTRODUCTION Science is a complex activity, which may be defined in a number of ways. To unite both the process and the product of science, one way to define science is as a process of constructing predictive conceptual models (Gilbert, 1991). 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NAME: Jepter Lorde SUBJECT: Qualitative Research Methods ABSTRACT The continued academic tension between qualitative and quantitative inquiry has continued unabated. Scholarship since the 1980s, to redefine both paradigms, attempt to bring balance and importance of the respective contribution of both research processes. This has resulted in an interesting shift for â€Å"ensuring structure, process and rigor†Read MoreQualitative Research : Quantitative Research Essay814 Words   |  4 PagesQualitative research is a kind of of scientific research which consists of an analysis that look for answers to a question, systematically uses a specific procedures to answer the question, gathers evidence, generate findings that are legit farther the limits of the study. Qualitative research has these characteristics. As an addition, it looks for to analyze the research problem or motif from the aspect of the local people who involves the study. 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Oppression and Spiritual Deterioration in William Blakes...

Oppression and Spiritual Deterioration in William Blakes Poem London London I wander thro each charterd street, 1 Near where the charterd Thames does flow, 2 And mark in every face I meet, 3 Marks of weakness, marks of woe. 4 In every cry of every Man, 5 In every Infants cry of fear, 6 In every voice, in every ban, 7 The mind-forgd manacles I hear: 8 How the Chimney-sweepers cry 9 Every blackning Church appalls, 10 And the hapless Soldiers sigh, 11 Runs the blood down Palace walls. 12 But most thro midnight streets I hear 13 How the youthful Harlots curse 14 Blasts the new-born Infants tear, 15 And blights with plagues the Marriage hearse. 16†¦show more content†¦The groups (Church, Palace, Husbands) are chastised by Blake for their contractual interest in others, but lack of responsible concern. In lines three and four, the author begins to point out the visual evidences of societys spiritual malaise. Blake uses the word mark several times to show the reader the problems he sees have outward signs--marks of weakness, marks of woe. In stanza two, Blake leaves the visible evidence for the audible evidence, and we begin to hear the groans of a fallen world. Man and infant cry--one in experience, one in innocence--yet, both in a fallen world, both raising a pained voice. From line three on, the poem is filled with mournful, weary, destructive sounds--the pounding out of the mind-forgd manacles; the sad weep! weep! of the chimney-sweeper (Blake 33); the dying soldiers sigh; the harlots explosive, withering curse. All of these sounds contribute to the picture of society reeling in the deadly stages of metastasizing cancer. Repetition is at its most concentrated use in stanza two where the word every is used five times (seven times overall in the poem). Blake certainly wants the reader to know that the signs of oppression and slavery are everywhere and on every face-- no one is exempt. In line seven, Blake again skillfully uses a word with multiple meanings. Ban can be a curse, condemnation, marriage proclamation, or young French soldier. As a

Research Proposal For Sainsbury Click Now To Get Solution

Question: Describe about the Research Proposal For Sainsbury? Answer: Executive summary: The report consist of a proper research proposal which would allow the reader to attain full knowledge about the UKs supermarket conditions regarding the ethical buyers and their needs, wants plus demands. Sainsburys Supermarkets actually is a global business and its entire buyers search world towards finding novel sources of novel supply to please the requirements of the UK customers. This research proposal is yet another mechanism to find out a way to satisfy and build happier customer base and also take away the problem of ethically unsatisfied customers who have rated the firm below its rivals. This proposal will ensure that the firm attains full knowledge about the problems and issues faced by the ethical buyers and reasons for their dissatisfaction. Also the study will supply the firm with several measures to overcome all these issues and then come out of the ill image. Introduction: Retail industry is the last step within the procedure of attaining products to the customers effectively and efficiently. In current globalized as well as competitive trade ecology, major problems plus concerns of the consumer satisfaction plus loyalty is how much ethically the firm is behaving and how much transparently is the organization supplying to the consumers. In this era of internet and computers every consumer has become extra information oriented and likes to attain maximum information regarding any product before the purchase and also intended to get full support from the firm even after purchase. Sainsbury is also worried that, in its effort to pull alongside the rivals like Tesco and many other the firms ethical reputation is slipping down (Behling, 1984). The ethical consumers in recent times were seen to rate Sainsbury at merely 2 out of the 20 points scale for all of their social as well as environmental record. This rating was extra lower as compared to rivals Waitr ose, Morrisons, Alde, Lidl plus Tesco. The firm Sainsbury also needs to address all such issues, and find out the way in which they can enhance their ethical image to all of its potential customers. Both Sainsbury as well as its suppliers must make sure that all of them meet each and every requirement that has been laid down within the law at point of the manufacture and also at place where they will be finally sold to customers (Benton and Cottle, 2000). Literature Review Mounting the ethical worries about impact of all the modern utilization culture upon the society plus the environment, rising distinction of such environmental as well as social issues in the mainstream media, appearance of the properly organized consumer protester groups plus also increasing attainability of the ethical products, all these have led towards a developing awareness regarding consumers of affect of their buying and also consumption behavior (Matherne, 2006). A very novel type of customer named as ethical consumer in present days has arisen. These are the ethically minded people who feel accountability towards environment and the society as well, and also seek to articulate all of their values via ethical consumption as well as purchasing. Growth plus popularization of this ethical culture has also inevitably attracted vast interest of the firms seeking to convene the needs and demands of all of their stakeholders also including the ethical consumers. Right from green be er which is a carbon neutral beer to a technology of hybrid car till a Fair Trade of endorsed tea as well as chocolate, all the marketing strategies have targeted at people who are ethical minded and are widely getting adopted to valve into potentially gainful ethical market sectors and to encourage ethically responsible as well as ecologically sustainable credentials of the goods, brands, services as well as firms (Brink and Wood, 2001). Companies also are more and more finding, that the ethically minded users do not forever walk their talk. Also there survives a break amid what consumers actually say they will be doing and what in reality do at point of purchase (Carrington, Neville and Whitwell, 2010). Within area of proper ethical consumerism the theory development also is in very early stage and even an established as well as widely conventional theoretical framework intended for decision creation of the ethical consumers yet is to be building up. Trying to understand purchase of the decision-making procedure of all the ethically minded users, scholars within this field have also drawn upon recognized theoretical frameworks right from the consumer behavior and also business ethics as well as social psychology sphere to the end of the same (Chate, 2007). These replicas lean to on the basis of cognitive looms, and focus upon internal procedure of the decision making (Yan, 2011). For instance, Rests model of the moral judgment as well as Hunt Vitells Theory for Marketing Ethics which is based upon foundations of the Rests mode also were initially developed for the business and the managerial ethics situation and also have from then been applied to the ethics of the consumers. These replicas have also been utilized to clarify un-ethical behavior like shoplifting, plus process of making of purchase decision within the ethical consumerism (Computers. Sainsbury goes shopping, 1975). Although four major supermarkets of UK might have developed few eye-catching and good ethical initiatives, like Sainsburys all-Fair-trade bananas as well as Tescos carbon labeling which is currently abandoned, they also remain firms with merely a very weak commitment towards addressing their ethical affects. Horsemeat-as-beef gossip, which shone the light on low cost supply chains of Aldi and Lidl, also surrounded Tesco plus Asda. In same way, issue of the slavery upon prawn-industry and its supply ships, also revealed that it drew in not merely Aldi yet also Tescoand even Co-operative. What is seen here is an international food scheme of such a size, dynamism as well as complexity which also attempts to uphold ethical benchmarks that are, at best, in a row to maintain (Davenport, 196 7). With an intention to overcome limitations intrinsic in cognitive frameworks of the ethical customer decision making preferential by the researchers of ethical consumerism, this study will propose an incorporated holistic framework which further will develop a proper cognitive loom, but will also help to recognize that the making of decision of the ethically minded users is very complex and also does not exist in separation from world exterior to their self cognitive procedures. Relevant characteristics of external ecology are also integrated within the cognitive framework, thus ensuring that conceptual replica reflects complexity of the real-life buying and also decision making of purchases (Davis, 1995). The interior and environmental elements integrated in conceptual replica are the elements of things that are said to be cognitive as well as behaviorist background, respectively. The cognitive viewpoint of the human behavior is also based upon mental processes which have a recognize d role within the behavior. Such viewpoint seeks to know the communication and association of the cognitive constructs, like beliefs, attitudes as well as intentions. Behaviorist viewpoint, in contrast, also are based upon the measurement of all the observable behavior, where ecology plays a vital role in the behavior. Intentionbehavior break, moreover, is not exclusively determined by cognitive assessment processes of the ethically minded users. Such consumers also encounter ecology outside of the thinking which also has a demonstrable consequence upon the present behavior (Day, 2007). In translation of the buying intentions into the buying behavior, ethically minded users enter in, and then interact with, the physical as well as social ecology which is the shopping environment. Regardless of the ethical intentions, all ethically minded customers rarely place the actual ethical goods in their basket. In spite of the pivotal nature of consumers, this phenomenon currently is poorly known as well as understood within ethical consumerism background (Turabian, 2007). Though firms not emphasizing on ethical issues are listed in the lowest of the catalogue yet buyers do not really emphasize on ethical goods. Its only talks when it comes to ethical buying and decision making. While addressing common gap amid the ethically minded users and ethical attitudes as well as their general non-ethical behavior, researchers have normally failed to take into consideration that purposes are not actually reliable proxy intended for the actual behavior with some exceptions (Denham, 1979). Purpose: This research will be used to analyze the UKs supermarket situation regarding ethical buyers as well as their needs and wants and also demands. Aims and objectives: Qualitative- To collect information about needs likings and demands of people and the extent to which they would like a firm to be ethical, this information might help firms to understand the customers and their likings. Quantitative- To collect data and information and analyze them through numerical methods to bring out measurable result which can be used as a benchmark in coming time. The overall aims and objectives of this proposal are to: Attain details about the ethical consumers needs and wants through filling up of questionnaires and undertaking face to face interviews. nsure that the firm gets to overcome the negatives and tries to attain good rating from the unsatisfied customers through satisfying them with all new products and features of the products. To attain back Sainsburys position in the market and in minds of its customers. Quantitative Research Aims- To find out the result non-quantitatively and deal with issues that cannot be counted and also cannot be measurable ones Ethical issues- Along with globalization of economy as well as off-shoring of the manufacturing plus servicing, purchasing spotlight also is focusing upon the one said as ethical sourcing which is the integration of all the human rights, safety and health plus every environmental consideration within a firms supply chain (Koski, 2003). UK supermarket segment has extra work to perform towards improving its largely ethical as well as ecological performance, Ethical buyers latest goods guide towards supermarkets also has claimed the same. Though all the supermarkets actually argue that generally they have long been good and proper for the consumers through keeping their food prices extra low as well as increasing the assortments for the users, critics have said that this has generally been at expense of the suppliers, who also complain that ever-shrinking borders, environment as well as crop diversity has affected them. The affect of the out-of-city supermarket growth on the town hubs have even come in and have brought several criticisms (Offredy and Vickers, 2010). Now it is high time and firms including the Sainsbury need to consider all the other available options, as few would also see them as shareholder-obliged and even profit-oriented, monolithic firms that are current days supermarkets (Omar and Kent, 1996). The outlets of Sainsbury must try to offer on the basis of eight basic principles and they are: go local Select seasonal Protect the nature Support the ethical Think welfare Accumulate fish End the waste as well as avoid processed (Peckham, 1967). The brands will get stocked providing that they are extremely rated by Ethical Consumer Index that also supplies rankings of above 40,000 firms, brands as well as products. Sainsbury needs to emphasize on a statement which says that "If it could be regional, we would source it regionally," and "If it is not local, we would make sure it is at least British. If we cannot get it right from here, then we would ensure it is reasonably traded from wherever in abroad." The consideration that can be taken by Sainsbury to attain the market share can be as follows: Employment must be freely chosen and there must not be any forced, bonded otherwise instinctive prison labor. The firm must constantly strive for growth and improvement and should identify that several ethical trade problems could take time as well as effort must be taken to resolve the issues (How to Prepare Manuscripts for Publication in Journal of Materials Research, 1988). The firm also needs to convince its suppliers to perform towards fulfillment of all the Code of Conduct of the firm The firm needs to monitor its supply chain and then recognize significance of being conscious of all the labor practices within its supply chain and need towards monitoring, evaluation and acting on data about its suppliers as well as developers performance. The firm must try to build its capacity and also enhance others ability like of the colleagues as well as of its suppliers and staffs. The firm must try to be totally transparent and should aim to be clear while dealing with all the suppliers and stakeholders (Jones, 1988). Analysis And Interpretation (Quantitative research) Aims and objectives- Aims of qualitative research will be to know the situation and analyze the same on basis of data attained by the research and thereby bring out a measurable result. The study resulted in the publics answer about the issues they were facing with the unethical selling by Sainsbury. The detailed analysis of the questionnaire is mentioned below: Question 1 Do you feel Sainsbury is supplying ethical goods and services to its customers? 70% of consumers gave answer in negative whereas only 30% were in favor of the statement and said that Sainsbury is supplying ethical goods and services. People also said that the firm does not take initiatives in ethical selling and in current world of ethical and green selling and production all the other rivals in the market are taking proper initiatives towards this field. Question 2 Do you purchase Ethical products? 80% of buyers tend to buy ethical products and only 20% were not worried about ethics while buying. These 80% were those who considered the green facts and environmental issues while purchasing. Though ethical buying is not seen at the time when customers actually reach point of purchase yet people said they considered ethical facts before taking any purchase decision. Question 3 Do you try to attain full information about product before taking purchase decision about the same? 50% of buyers said that they attained total information about the goods and services before buying them whereas 50% said that they were least interested about the fact and believed that Sainsbury being a well known brand would never provide anything bad or harmful and trusted the firm totally. This brought in positivity for the firm and peoples trust in the firm was a positive sign for the organization to exist for longer period of time. Question 4 Do you consider product labeling while purchasing? Majority of people said that they considered product labeling while purchasing. Many said that they see the labels but do never try to attain any external detail or any information through previous customers or any buyers feedback before buying from Sainsbury store. Question 5 Are you happy with the products supplied by Sainsbury? This was 50- 50 situation. Some people were happy whereas some were not really happy and some were happy to some extent with the products they purchased from Sainsbury stores. People who were actually happy were the one who were very loyal to the firm and used to intend all of their purchases from the Sainsbury store. Half of the people surveyed were seen unhappy with the firm and the organization needs to take initiatives to make them feel satisfied. Question 6 Do you think ethics is needed while taking any purchase decision? 90% of customers agreed to this fact that ethics was very essential while purchasing any goods and services from any brand or retail store. Though many people were seen not following the rules and also not indulging this into real life practice but many were seen practicing the same as well. Question 7 To what degree would you feel yourself like ethical consumer? Majority of people felt that they were ethical buyers and that they followed all the facts related to ethics while taking any purchase decision. Research methods: Method- Qualitative- The research method followed here was descriptive research which described the phenomena as it existed. It was be used because it helped in identifying and obtaining information about the elements and characteristics of the UK supermarket and players in the market as well as complaints and problems of ethical buyers with Sainsbury. Also in the later part of the study some kind of Analytical research was carried through whicha continuation of the descriptive research was undertaken. Here the study aimed to move beyond just describing and explaining of the characteristics, towards analyzing and explaining why otherwise how things are now happening. Quantitative- Set of questions will be used to collect data. The information collected was quantitative, as well as qualitative both and some statistical tool or techniques were also used at later phase to summarize total information (deWitt and deWitt, 2008). Therefore, such an analytical research helped to understand the phenomena through discovering as well as measuring the causal relationship among all the players in the UK supermarket (Drummer and Bassed, 2013). Research process- Quantitative research- At this point the study attained anobjectivelocation, and the main approach of the research was to delight phenomena as being hard plus real. The method used here was a survey method and it actually attempted to properly test hypotheses otherwise statements along with a sight to generalize from detailed data that was collected. This loom typically concentrated upon measuring otherwise counting and also involved collecting as well as analyzing of all the numerical data as well as applying of the statistical tests (Durai, 2008). Qualitative research The main view of phenomena was to investigate and attain information personally. Methods likes personal accounts and unstructured interviews as well as participant observation were also used to gain proper understanding of underlying causes as well as motivations intended for peoples particular behavior, attitudes and preferences about the products supplied by UK supermarkets. With such a loom, the emphasis was more upon generating proper hypotheses from data collection and not on the testing of the hypothesis (Felix, 1952). Sampling plan- Qualitative- Some secondary research was done to find out the result. Also people were at times observed and their behavior was noted down. Quantitative- The sampling plan used is asingle-phase sampling planwhich states that a definite number of samples were drawn as well as inspected. The number mainly was decided on the basis of the size of batch. This study indulged a small sample of 100 customers who were interviewed and their answers were noted down for analyzing the reasons behind the dissatisfaction of people and behind the populace disliking Sainsbury when it came to ethical selling and buying (Flanders, 1990). Sampling frame- The total list of population that was studied was UK local stores of Sainsbury where people were found to be complaining about ethical concerns and demanding for ethically appropriate goods and services (Free, n.d.). Sample size- Qualitative- The sample size undertaken for the study was 100. And also some secondary study was undertaken Quantitative- The sample size undertaken for the study was 100. Data Collection Procedure Qualitative- Observation method was used Quantitative-The method used for data collection was a questionnaire method. A set of some similar questions regarding the ethical concerns of customers and their satisfaction level when matter was about Sainsbury was prepared and this set was distributed among chosen sample randomly. People filled the questionnaire and returned them back to the person concerned (Some ethical issues, 1977). Creating a focused group- A set of people will be needed by the firm who will be specialized in the task of data collection and analysis of the same. These people can be recruited from within the firm that is any old employee or set of staffs and even can be recruited externally who will be totally new to the firm. There will be some basic characteristics of this group that has to be considered. They: Will be guided discussion groups that would help in generating a very rich understanding about a particular participants experience as well as beliefs. Must not belong to any educational sessions otherwise support groups. The firm needs to listen plus learn from all of them and not any vice versa (Freidberg, 2003). Conducting a properly focused group- Planning- A proper planning for recruitment of such group is a vital part of the study. This study of market will need a proper set of people who are experts in the field of market research and surveys. A good planning for any such study needs appropriate preparation before recruitment of these people. Recruiting- Recruiting such experts is a vital task. These experts need to get recruited either through internet or via personal approach like any past relation of the firm with the experts (Gardner and Beatty, 1980). Principles for the prepared questionnaire: Short and precise- the questionnaire was kept short and very precise so that people dont get bored while filling the same. Simple words- Simple English language and all simple and easy understandable words were used so that people do not feel it difficult to be answered No personal issues- The questionnaire did not ask answers on any personal issues and matters this helped people to feel relaxed and comfortable while answering the questionnaire Initiated with interesting ones- The questionnaire initiated with few interesting questions that made people eager to read the other ones as well Logical order- A good and logical pattern was followed while preparing the questionnaire and no haphazard path was followed as that might confuse people. Naming- A heading was given on the top so that people could understand the reswon for the survey; this made few people understand the cause of survey by only giving a single look to the questionnaire. Data presentation- The data will be presented in the form of pie charts and the analysis will be done through percentage method where the positive and negative answers will be calculated through percentage and the ratio for the same will be attained (Gatrell, Bierly and Jensen, 2005). Coding- The coding of interview question will be most important part while evaluating and analyzing the questions. Here the researcher will need to write the solution upon aproper whiteboardotherwise on aportion of paperinitially (Sainsbury, 2003). This would be more like real thing, as well as the researcher can type up plus test the code later. Practice as well as interview with language with which researcher is more comfortable likeJava, C, Python, C++, C# otherwise Ruby and many more and also a standard choice needs to be made. Here coding will be done through JavaScript and Action Script and few more languages for interviews along with firms that utilize them (Harvey, 2000). Limitations There were several limitations observed in the study. They were: The main limitation of study was small and the sample which was non-probable of the convenience. Because to the financial constraints, study was also under-powered, and therefore, did not attain proper statistical significance and importance (Knowledge network to give UK manufacturers a competitive edge: Lord Sainsbury, 2006). The sample size, convenience, as well as homogeneity limited the generalizing ability of the study. Other limitation was seen that measurements as well as intervention were actually made with no blinding of researcher towards experimental group, and this has potential for proper biasness. The study had very less time limit due to which proper research was not made and some areas were left untouched Many people were seen unwilling to answer the questions and were not very much interested in lending ears to the researcher. The study indulged pie chart method and percentage method which was at times seen not reliable especially for open ended questions (Harvey, 2000). Proposed Time Frame TASK NAME December January February March April May June July August Market research Questionnaire distribution Analysis of the questionnaire Analysis of result and planning further actions Implementing the actions Analysis after implementation Final fixing up of the plan Source: (Jones, 1988), (Maylor, 2001) Conclusion: The firm Sainsbury has been observed to be unlike by many consumers due to no emphasis upon the ethical selling of goods as well as services. Finally, intended for all those who are determined about avoiding high-streetsellersaltogether, the Ethical Consumer things to see so-called options supermarket systems which also unite the food retail vents with a proper focus upon ecological and also social ethics. The firm intends to undertake a study to analyze its position in the market and has seen that the actual position is shrinking. This study would help the firm to take further steps towards enhancing its position. References: Behling, J. (1984). Guidelines for preparing the research proposal. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. Benton, R. and Cottle, S. (2000). Research Article: How Well Do Universities Prepare New Environmental Managers?. ENP, 2(03), p.247. Bergstrom, N. and Baun, M. (1994). The proposal-reality gap: The mechanics of implementing a funded research proposal. Nursing Outlook, 42(6), pp.272-278. Brink, P. and Wood, M. (2001). Basic steps in planning nursing research. Boston: Jones and Bartlett. Carrington, M., Neville, B. and Whitwell, G. (2010). Why Ethical Consumers Dont Walk Their Talk: Towards a Framework for Understanding the Gap Between the Ethical Purchase Intentions and Actual Buying Behaviour of Ethically Minded Consumers. Journal of Business Ethics, 97(1), pp.139-158. Chate, R. (2007). Study limitations. Br Dent J, 202(12), pp.705-705. Computers. Sainsbury goes shopping. (1975). Electron. Power UK, 21(9), p.550. Davenport, H. (1967). Research versus Teaching: A Research Proposal. BioScience, 17(3), pp.156-156. Davis, J. (1995). An Ethical Debate: Ethical issues. BMJ, 310(6983), pp.858-858. Day, M. (2007). UK government invites bids for general practices in supermarkets. BMJ, 334(7594), pp.605-605. Denham, W. (1979). RESEARCH DESIGN AND RESEARCH PROPOSAL CHECKLISTS. Anthropology News, 20(4), pp.9-11. deWitt, P. and deWitt, C. (2008). RESEARCH ARTICLE: How Long Does It Take to Prepare an Environmental Impact Statement?. ENP, 10(04), p.164. Drummer, O. and Bassed, R. (2013). HOW TO WRITE A RESEARCH PROPOSAL AND CONDUCT PRODUCTIVE RESEARCH. Pathology, 45, p.S23. Durai, R. (2008). How to prepare for a research viva. Br J Hosp Med, 69(Sup10), pp.M152-M153. Felix, R. (1952). Questionnaries; Problem and a Proposal.. Nursing Research, 1(2), p.46. Flanders, W. (1990). Limitations of the Case-Exposure Study. Epidemiology, 1(1), pp.34-38. Free, C. (n.d.). Walking the Talk? Supply Chain Accounting and Trust Among UK Supermarkets and Suppliers. SSRN Journal. Freidberg, S. (2003). Cleaning up down South: Supermarkets, ethical trade and African horticulture. Social Cultural Geography, 4(1), pp.27-43. Gardner, D. and Beatty, G. (1980). Dissertation Proposal Guidebook. Springfield: Charles C Thomas Publisher, LTD. Gatrell, J., Bierly, G. and Jensen, R. (2005). Research design and proposal writing in spatial science. Berlin: Springer. Harvey, M. (2000). Innovation and competition in UK supermarkets. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 5(1), pp.15-21. How to Prepare Manuscripts for Publication in Journal of Materials Research. (1988). MRS Bull., 13(09), pp.50-51. Jones, C. (1988). The Three-Dimensional Gantt Chart. Operations Research, 36(6), pp.891-903. Knowledge network to give UK manufacturers a competitive edge: Lord Sainsbury. (2006). Anti-Corrosion Meth Material, 53(3). Koski, G. (2003). Ethical Issues in Antiepileptic Trials: Old Issues in a New World. Epilepsia, 44, pp.16-18. Matherne, B. (2006). "Walk the Talk": Developing Personal Ethical Agency Through a Business Partnership Program. Journal of Management Education, 30(1), pp.106-133. Maylor, H. (2001). Beyond the Gantt chart:. European Management Journal, 19(1), pp.92-100. Offredy, M. and Vickers, P. (2010). Developing a healthcare research proposal. Chichester, West Sussex, U.K.: Wiley-Blackwell. Omar, O. and Kent, A. (1996). Manufacturers' food brands: Assessment of marketing opportunities in the UK supermarkets. J Brand Manag, 3(5), pp.327-336. Peckham, M. (1967). Art and Creativity: Proposal for Research. Art Education, 20(4), p.5. Sainsbury, L. (2003). Comment: The UK Government's strategic approach to the biotechnology industry. J Commer Biotechnol, 9(3), pp.189-191. Sainsbury, P. (1981). The Financial Base of Independent Film Production in the UK. Screen, 22(1), pp.41-54. SOME ETHICAL ISSUES. (1977). Anthropology News, 18(9), pp.14-14. Turabian, K. (2007). A manual for writers of research papers, theses, and dissertations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Yan, R. (2011). How to write a research grant proposal [Student's Corner]. IEEE Pulse, 2(5), pp.8-9.

Was A Military Struggle Fought Principally In Kuwait And Iraq During J

Was a military struggle fought principally in Kuwait and Iraq during January and February 1991. The crisis began in August 1990, when Iraq, led by President Saddam Hussein, invaded and annexed Kuwait. Between August and November the United Nations Security Council passed a series of resolutions that culminated in the demand that Iraq withdraw unconditionally from Kuwait by January 15, 1991. By that time, some 500,000 allied ground, air, and naval forces?chiefly from the United States, Saudi Arabia, Great Britain, Egypt, Syria, and France?were arrayed against an Iraqi army estimated at that time to number 540,000. Under the command of U.S. General H. Norman Schwarzkopf, the multinational coalition began intensive aerial bombardment of military targets in Iraq and Kuwait within 24 hours after the UN deadline expired, using advanced weaponry such as laser-guided bombs and cruise missiles, as well as conventional weapons. After establishing air superiority, coalition forces disabled Iraq's command and control centers, especially in Baghdad and Al Basrah of transport and communication between Baghdad and the troops in the field; and relentlessly attacked Iraq's infantry, which was dug in along the Saudi-Kuwaiti border, and the 125,000-man Republican Guard in southeastern Iraq and northern Kuwait. Some Iraqi aircraft were shot down; many more were bombed in shelters or fled to Iran. Iraq retaliated by using mobile launchers to fire Scud missiles at Saudi Arabia and Israel, a noncombatant; the U.S. countered this threat with patriot antimissile missiles. In mid-February, with its military and civilian casualties rapidly mounting, Iraq signaled its willingness to withdraw from Kuwait. A series of conditional Iraqi offers, mediated by the Soviet Union, were rejected by the coalition. Instead, allied forces began a coordinated air-land offensive, breaching Iraq's main line of defense at the Saudi-Kuwaiti border and swiftly advancing through southern Iraq to outflank the main Iraqi force and cut off the Republican Guard's principal avenue of retreat. Within 100 hours, the city of Kuwait had been liberated, and ten of thousands of Iraqi troops had deserted, surrendered, or been captured or killed. Coalition combat losses were astonishingly light: as of February 28, when offensive operations were suspended, only 149 allied troops had been killed and 513 wounded. Damage to Kuwait was extensive, however, as retreating Iraqi forces looted the capital and set fire to most of Kuwait's oil wells. Iraqi representatives accepted allied terms for a provisional truce on March 3 and a permanent cease-fire on April 6. Iraq agreed to pay reparations to Kuwait, reveal the location and extent of its stockpiles of chemical and biological weapons, and eliminate its weapons of mass destruction. Subsequently, however, UN inspectors complained that the Baghdad government was frustrating their attempts to monitor Iraqi compliance. The war in the Persian Gulf was a war of religios fervor, and cruel leadership. Desert Storm was the same type of war that had occured in this area for many years except for one fact. In Operation Desert Storm, sophisticated technology was used to end the war in a quick and timely manner. In 1979 Saddam Hussien took control of Iraq, and immediatly set the tone for his rule by killing 21 of his cabinet members. He wanted to make his country whole once again so in 1990 he invaded Kuwait and in less than 4 hours he had taken Kuwait and controlled 24% of the worlds oi l supplies. It seemed as if his next target was Saudi Arabia. This was where the United States entered after a call for protection by Saudi Arabia. The United States set a deadline, January 15, 1991 for all Iraq forces to be out of Kuwait, but Saddam ignored the deadline. That triggered Desert Shield, or the build-up of troops in the region and eventually lead to Desert Storm, a all-out attack to free Kuwait. It can be clearly said that due to the extreme power and sophistication of the U.S. and her allies that Saddam and his tiny nation of 17 million people stood no chance against the military might that is the United States and its Allies. Chronology: Important Events 1990 Hussein accuses Kuwait on 17 July of oil overproduction and theft of oil from the Rumailia Oil Field. 1990 On 25 July US Ambassador to Iraq, April

Gas Chromatography - What It Is and How It Works

Gas Chromatography - What It Is and How It Works Gas chromatography (GC) is an analytical technique used to separate and analyze samples that can be vaporized without thermal decomposition. Sometimes gas chromatography is known as gas-liquid partition chromatography (GLPC) or vapor-phase chromatography (VPC). Technically, GPLC is the most correct term, since the separation of components in this type of chromatography relies on differences in behavior between a flowing mobile gas phase and a stationary liquid phase. The instrument that performs gas chromatography is called a gas chromatograph. The resulting graph that shows the data is called a gas chromatogram. Uses of Gas Chromatography GC is used as one test to help identify components of a liquid mixture and determine their relative concentration. It may also be used to separate and purify components of a mixture. Additionally, gas chromatography can be used to determine vapor pressure, heat of solution, and activity coefficients. Industries often use it to monitor processes to test for contamination or ensure a process is going as planned. Chromatography can test blood alcohol, drug purity, food purity, and essential oil quality. GC may be used on either organic or inorganic analytes, but the sample must be volatile. Ideally, the components of a sample should have different boiling points. How Gas Chromatography Works First, a liquid sample is prepared. The sample is mixed with a solvent and is injected into the gas chromatograph. Typically the sample size is small in the microliters range. Although the sample starts out as a liquid, it is vaporized into the gas phase. An inert carrier gas is also flowing through the chromatograph. This gas shouldnt react with any components of the mixture. Common carrier gases include argon, helium, and sometimes hydrogen. The sample and carrier gas are heated and enter a long tube, which is typically coiled to keep the size of the chromatograph manageable. The tube may be open (called tubular or capillary) or filled with a divided inert support material (a packed column). The tube is long to allow for a better separation of components. At the end of the tube is the detector, which records the amount of sample hitting it. In some cases, the sample may be recovered at the end of the column, too. The signals from the detector are used to produce a graph, the chrom atogram, which shows the amount of sample reaching the detector on the y-axis and generally how quickly it reached the detector on the x-axis (depending on what exactly the detector detects). The chromatogram shows a series of peaks. The size of the peaks is directly proportional to the amount of each component, although it cant be used to quantify the number of molecules in a sample. Usually, the first peak is from the inert carrier gas and the next peak is the solvent used to make the sample. Subsequent peaks represent compounds in a mixture. In order to identify the peaks on a gas chromatogram, the graph needs to be compared a chromatogram from a standard (known) mixture, to see where the peaks occur. At this point, you may be wondering why the components of the mixture separate while they are pushed along the tube. The inside of the tube is coated with a thin layer of liquid (the stationary phase). Gas or vapor in the interior of the tube (the vapor phase) moves along more quickly than molecules that interact with the liquid phase. Compounds that interact better with the gas phase tend to have lower boiling points (are volatile) and low molecular weights, while compounds that prefer the stationary phase tend to have higher boiling points or are heavier. Other factors that affect the rate at which a compound progresses down the column (called the elution time) include polarity and the temperature of the column. Because temperature is so important, it is usually controlled within tenths of a degree and is selected based on the boiling point of the mixture. Detectors Used for Gas Chromatography There are many different types of detectors that can be used to produce a chromatogram. In general, they may be categorized as non-selective, which means they respond to all compounds except the carrier gas, selective, which respond to a range of compounds with common properties, and specific, which respond only to a certain compound. Different detectors use particular support gases and have different degrees of sensitivity. Some common types of detectors include: Detector Support Gas Selectivity Detection Level Flame ionization (FID) hydrogen and air most organics 100 pg Thermal conductivity (TCD) reference universal 1 ng Electron capture (ECD) make up nitriles, nitrites, halides, organometallics, peroxides, anhydrides 50 fg Photo-ionization (PID) make up aromatics, aliphatics, esters, aldehydes, ketones, amines, heterocyclics, some organometallics 2 pg When the support gas is called make up gas, it means gas is used to minimize band broadening. For FID, for example, nitrogen gas (N2) is often used. The users manual that accompanies a gas chromatograph outlines the gases that can be used in it and other details. Sources Pavia, Donald L., Gary M. Lampman, George S. Kritz, Randall G. Engel (2006).  Introduction to Organic Laboratory Techniques (4th Ed.). Thomson Brooks/Cole. pp.  797–817.Grob, Robert L.; Barry, Eugene F. (2004).  Modern Practice of Gas Chromatography (4th Ed.). John Wiley Sons.Harris, Daniel C. (1999). 24. Gas Chromatography. Quantitative chemical analysis  (Fifth ed.). W. H. Freeman and Company. pp. 675–712. ISBN 0-7167-2881-8.Higson, S. (2004). Analytical Chemistry. Oxford University Press ISBN 978-0-19-850289-0

CREATING A NARRATED BOOK TRAILER

CREATING A NARRATED BOOK TRAILER I wanted a book trailer to promote my third picture book, Silly Frilly Grandma Tillie, illustrated There were two books I consulted before undertaking the creation of the trailer: Katie Daviss ebook, â€Å"How to Promote Your Children’s Book† and Darcy Pattison’s ebook, â€Å"The Book Trailer Manual†. My goal wasn’t to replicate the text of the story in the trailer, but to give viewers a feel for the characters and the plot in a very short space of time- an oral summary. The publisher’s blurb for the book was a helpful starting point but it was directed to adults. My script needed to be more child friendly and shorter. Both Davis and Pattison recommend keeping trailers to a minute or less; Pattison says images should not be on screen for more than five seconds. The final (I thought) version of the script read like a mini-movie- for each â€Å"scene† was a visual image (one of Anne Jewett’s fabulous illustrations), followed For those who are technologically challenged, like me, the website lynda.com is a good source for tutorials on using iMovie and Garage Band- a month of lessons was well worth the twenty-five dollar fee. Recording voiceovers in GarageBand is relatively simple- follow a few steps and controls will appear with record, play and rewind functions that operate like any standard recording device. Though the editing options on GarageBand are much more detailed, even a non-techie like me could easily shorten or remove sections of audio clips. The greater challenge was getting my voice right. Writing each line of script on a notecard and taping the notecard to the top of my screen was helpful, as were underlining the words I wanted to emphasize and indicating whether my voice should rise or lower at the end of a line (professional voice artists definitely deserve respect). Despite all this work, when the audio was incorporated into iMovie, there was a major problem- my audio still took up too much space. I eliminated some sound effects and some spoken lines. To more easily match the length of the narration with the corresponding image, I recorded the voiceovers directly in iMovie. This again was simple to do- select the microphone image and click on the record button. There is a three second delay until the recording begins. Repeating the first word of my line several times during this delay helped eliminate awkward pauses and throat clearing noises when I began speaking. The process of creating a narrated book trailer for the first time took many hours, but it was well worth the effort. I learned how to make podcasts, how to edit video clips, how to combine images and sound. Trust me, if I can do it, you can too! You can view the trailer on my website at www.laurieajacobs.com

Corporate Social responsibility assignment Essay

Corporate Social responsibility assignment - Essay Example Triple Bottom Line Triple bottom line is a system that operates to ensure that corporate social responsibility is seen as a formal and an essential aspect of business entities. This is because it formalises the process of corporate social responsibilities and ensures that social responsibilities is included in an organisation at the strategic level. Triple bottom line is â€Å"... the necessity for a corporation to disclose information about its social and environmental performance in growing† (Sridhar and Jones, 2013 p92). This is because triple bottom line creates a situation where the environmental and social aspects of a business is carried out in a way that is appropriate and leads to the best interest for all entities. And more importantly, environmental and social matters are audited and accounted for through the triple bottom line system. This is because it integrates these two aspects into the business and the firm will not have to only care about profitability and ma king money for the shareholders but also, other stakeholders and provide valid evidence of how they are seeking and working towards the attainment of stakeholder interests. Triple bottom line involves the identification of sustainable corporate performance by integrating systems to attain and account for three aspects of a business: 1. Financial 2. Social and 3. Environmental (Fauzi et al, 2010). This is because triple bottom line provides a system to get an organisation to look beyond just financial reporting and financial targets. This is because it integrates the elements of sustainability into corporate reporting. In order to attain the standards of triple bottom line, a firm would have to set up a system for corporate financial, social and environmental strategy and reports (Jamali, 2006). This will ensure that an organisation will be able to integrate other important pointers of corporate social responsibility and report it and monitor it for a year-on-year improvement. Carol and Buchholtz (2012) identify that triple bottom line is a requirement for corporate control and corporate governance that focuses on stakeholders and other entities. This is because it involves setting goals in areas and aspects that affects other stakeholders and make it imperative for corporate entities to work towards the attainment of results over a broader scope than the traditional method. In the opening discussions of Carol and Buchholtz, they spell out that from the period of modern business after the Industrial Revolution in the early 1800s, firms and businesses focused excessively on the profit motive and sought to provide the best interests of the owners of the business only (2012). However, the growth of the Post-Second World War global order has sought to preserve the rights of individuals and other third parties and prevent the attainment of profits at the expense of other people who are connected to or affected by the business. Hence, the triple bottom line approach integrates the needs of stakeholders by ensuring that the needs of the society and the wider environment is integrated into the organisation and the organisation must demonstrate a strong tendency to protect the wider environment through sustainable practices and targets and also protect the environment. This is meant to promote the needs and expectations of other stakeholders, not just shareholders. Jackson et al

Language Development and Reading Disabilities Research Paper

Language Development and Reading Disabilities - Research Paper Example According to the research findings, many people believe that socioeconomic status is one of the determinants of language development. This is a claim supported by various researchers after conducting and sampling language proficiency reports on both children of the lower socioeconomic families and those in the advantage families. Based on their report, it is evident that children of lower-SES have smaller or shallow vocabularies as compared to those in the High-SES. This new research was aimed at explaining the reasons behind the SES language disparities. Adriana Weisleder who is a lead researcher disputed the recent efforts of determining the impact of directed speech in children. This was an arrangement that involved mother-child interaction in a span of one hour. Actually, Adriana claimed that the artificial setup ignored the basic concepts ideal in child development. Anne Fernald and Adriana, both Stanford University professors, suggested a daily recording of children activities in the home environment to achieve good and ideal result on children behavior and language development. This suggestion was in the bid of modifying the previous child-mother interaction research setup. In the research suggested by Adriana, more than 29 children were enrolled in the observation program and each fitted with a special shirt that contained an audio recorder. The children ages ranged between 16 to 19 months though from the different socioeconomic setup. After a long period of observation, the two researchers who were the pioneers of this arrangement claimed the results were ideal because they gave natural occurrences or experience with the language. The recordings showed that child-directed speech helped in building children’s language vocabulary. After viewing all, the reactions and analyzing the outcome of this research, Adriana and his fellow researcher came to a conclusion that anybody can have a great interpretation of words as he or she continues to learn th e language.

Thinking Fast and Slow Essay Example for Free

Thinking Fast and Slow Essay 1. One of the book’s more stunning examples of the priming effect takes place in an office kitchen. Employees would typically make themselves coffee or tea and in return would drop a small fee into an â€Å"honesty† box. Researchers designed an experiment that involved alternating weeks where either a picture of a flowerpot or a picture of a set of eyes was in the room. Donations were checked after ten weeks and researchers found that significantly more money was contributed on weeks in which the eyes were in the room. Given this, and other examples of priming, do you find it feasible for organizations to devise methods that attempt to prime their employees to perform or react in a desirable manner? 2. One of the errors of System 1 is known as the framing effect. This refers to the ability of the way in which a problem is presented to influence an individual’s solution to it. Kahneman’s example in the book involves doctors at Harvard Medical School. In seeking their opinion a question is framed using either survival rate or mortality rate, with relative figures being the same. Despite this, 84% of the participants selected surgery that referred to a patient’s survival rate. Knowing the effects of framing a question either too broadly, too narrowly, or incorrectly all together, what are measures that organizations can take to ensure that their employees understand how to properly frame problems in such a way that the companies’ primary objectives are being targeted? 3. The book advocates that in our search for a causal link between occurrences in our lives we often dismiss the legitimacy of luck’s involvement in our success. To demonstrate this point, Kahneman points out that the gap in corporate profitability and stock returns between high performance firms and less successful firms dissipates to nearly nothing over time. In fact, over a 20 year period the returns of companies that originally had the worst ratings went on to earn much higher returns than their counterparts, which he refers to regression to the mean. Given that we may not necessarily be as talented as we perceive ourselves to be, what are steps that organizations can take to ensure that top brass is better able to understand what may actually be creating the company’s success?

The Greed of Music Industry Executives and Declining Record Sales Essay

The Greed of Music Industry Executives and Declining Record Sales The music recording industry is in trouble. For several years now, sales of new and popular music have steadily declined and show no sign of changing. The record companies are quick to blame the growing popularity of the Internet; music is being traded in a digital form online, often anonymously, with the use of file-sharing programs such as Morpheus, KaZaA, and Imesh, to name a few. The RIAA (Recording Industry Association of America) succeeded in disbanding the pioneer Internet file-sharing program, Napster, but is facing confrontation with similar programs that are escaping American copyright laws. While there is an obvious connection between declining popular music sales and increasing file sharing, there is more going on than the RIAA wants to admit. I will show that the recording companies are overpricing their products, and not sufficiently using the Internet as an opportunity to market and sell their products. I shall begin by describing in greater detail the problem that the recording companies are facing, as well as the growing epidemic of online music trading. From there, I will show the correlation between the two and describe the other factors affecting record sales, and how these trends could be turned around to help the industry.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Record Industry is in trouble,† says Jann S. Wenner in an editorial appearing in a recent issue of Rolling Stone Magazine. â€Å"Album sales are now down almost 20% from two years ago, and the record business is facing the biggest retail slide since the Great Depression† (Wenner). People are buying less and less products released by the recording companies. â€Å"Nobody doubts that the music business is in trouble. Last year, global sales of CDs were down by 5% from 2000, the first fall since the format was launched† (NAPSTER R.I.P). The Nielsen SoundScan, used to report final sales to consumers, revealed some of its figures in a September 2002 issue of Billboard Magazine. â€Å"Nielsen SoundScan reports that overall music sales compared with the year before were off by 12.6%†¦while album sales were off by 9.8%. Total first-half units sold fell to 317.7 million units from 363.4 million; the number of albums sold slipped to 311. 1 million units from 344.8 million – an 8.1% drop† (Garrity). Even the number of albums that become hits is... ...election and convenience of P2Ps. Because of consumer’s tendency to download single songs by many varying artists, many may wonder if increased Internet use will eventually exterminate the record album from existence. Personally, I do not foresee the death of CDs and albums as a product. The MP3 format is not quite CD quality, and the singles that are typically downloaded by consumers do not always reflect the talent or best product of a certain performer. Singles are what will make money, but B-sides, the songs that people do not buy the CD for, are also a culmination of an artist’s hard work. B-sides make an album good or bad, and consumers simply do not download B-sides. I fear that buying an entire album will become more rare as these new programs emerge that allow consumers to buy one song at a time, but the album will prevail. Newspapers and Magazines are now available online, but they still appear for retail in stores and by offline subscriptions. Online musi c purchasing shows no signs of dropping, and the consumers show no sign of listening to less music. The industry just has to take the initiative to make the music more accessible to music listeners at a fairer price.

Savings Account

HSBC is one of the biggest financial institutions in the world. It provides banking and other financial services to its clients across the globe. Because of this, HSBC have come up with a suitable slogan stating, â€Å"We are the world's local bank. † Furthermore, its headquarters is located in London but its group of global networks expands to more than 9,500 in 86 countries in North and South America, Africa, Europe, Asia and the Middle East. One of HSBC’s advantages over the others is that it has able to utilize technology and e-commerce to be able to meet the comprehensive needs and wants of its diverse clients (HSBC, 2009). Moreover, owning a house is the ultimate dream for some people. For many individuals with meager to average income, buying a house is a long and costly process. But due to the existence of banks, the dream of owning a house can become a reality. With HSBC, there are numerous ways on how people can save money to buy a house. In line with this, HSBC offers the Regular Saver account wherein customers can avail of a fixed rate ranging from 1 to10% monthly which is calculated based on the â€Å"daily cleared balance and paid on first anniversary of account opening. † More so, this type of account prevents any partial withdrawal which can help clients to save more money. Also, individuals can conveniently apply for this product through phone or to the nearest HSBC branch. For as low as ?250 a month, customers can open their savings account at HSBC and in the succeeding months they can increase their deposit to gain more profit. For example, â€Å"a total of ?3,000 will be paid into your account during the 12 month term. At 10% interest, you will earn approximately ?163 interest. † The features of the account aid in facilitating a better method of increasing the money saved by the clients Through HSBC’s Regular Saver account, average income earning individuals can save enough money for at least a year in order to pay for the deposit when buying for a house (HSBC, 2009). References HSBC. (2009). About HSBC. Retrieved March 30, 2009, from http://www.hsbc.com/1/2/about-hsbc HSBC. (2009). Regular Saver. Retrieved March 30, 2009, from http://www.hsbc.co.uk/1/2/personal/savings/regular-saver;jsessionid=0000xLn6IU4OahZ1KqVs5ZY47h5:12c58n73a

Another Accolade for Charter Arms Corp by Mike Royko

Laurence Bourgeois A00161609 March 12th, 2013 Analysis Essay In his essay â€Å"Another Accolade for Charter Arms Corp. â€Å", Mike Royko focuses not on John Lennon’s death, but on the type of gun that was used to kill him. He argues that the model of a gun makes a great deal of difference when killing someone. By ignoring the shooting of the celebrity, Royko uses irony to show how idiotic the debate on the gun is. He commences his essay by asking the readers â€Å"what difference does it make what kind of gun was used  ? and answers by saying that it indeed makes a great deal of difference. At this point, we know the author’s rhetorical strategy will consist on focusing on anything but the death of the famous musician. As mentionned before, Royko uses a lot of irony in his essay as a way of showing the readers how ludicrous the gun debate really is. Per example, in the beginning of his essay, Royko says  : â€Å"And when people become emotional about guns, as many do when somebody famous is killed, they tend to lump all guns together.They don’t show proper respect for an excellent gun, such as the Charter . 38. † By saying that this type of gun deserves respect, despite what it did to the famous superstar, the author is clearly trying to show no empathy for Lennon as a form of rhetorical strategy. Later on, he proceeds by saying  : â€Å"Now the Charter Arms Corp. has the unique distinction of having two famous people shot by one of their products, I wonder if they have considered using it in their advertising. Here, he takes his irony to another level by assuming the death of a celebrity should be something the company should be proud of and that advertising it would lead the customers to purchase the weapon. Using irony for this type of subject was a brilliant idea, but in this essay, Royko uses too much of it. Secondly, Mike Royko uses the model of the gun as an argument of his irony. He also constantly talks about the importance of the quality of the weapon.Per example, he mentions the incident that happened on network TV, where a reporter from CBS says that the gun used to shoot George C. Wallace was a â€Å"cheap handgun† and goes on by explaining how this was quite an insult for Charter Arms Corp. The author also talks about the fact that both shooters, Bremer and Wallace used the same gun to wound their victim and that the weapon did a good job. In another sample of his irony, Royko adresses Charter Arms Corp by saying  : â€Å"Once again, your product really did the job, gents. â€Å"To conclude, Mike Royko’s essay is initially an ironic piece of work written to make the readers realize that the main focus of a tragedy should be the victim, not minor details such as the weapon used to harm the person. In my opinion, this essay is a fine piece of work, but the author emphasizes too much on irony in a way that it shadows what the essay is actually about. Work Cited Royko, Mi ke. â€Å"Another Accolade for Charter Arms Corp. † The Broadview Anthology. 2nd ed. Ed. Laura Buzzard, Peterborough  : Broadview, 2011. 221-4.

Gatsby Essays - The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Jay Gatsby

Gatsby Essays - The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Jay Gatsby Gatsby Then wear the gold hat, if that will move her; If you can bounce high, bounce for her too, Till she cry Lover, gold-hatted, high-bouncing lover, I must have you! Thomas Parke D'Invilliers Jay Gatsby went through most of his life striving for a new beginning, a chance to start over and succeed. He forced that aspect of life, into his own, by changing his identity. He was James Gatz a man who's unknown soul was left to linger in the past. Now he is Jay Gatsby. Gatsby does not realize that life can be difficult. You can not just move on and pretend that the past never happened. If you do not face the real and original you, you will never find success or happiness in the way you wish to live your present life. All through Gatsby's life he looked to the green light on the dock across the bay for hope and reassurance. He needed to know that his dream was still as bright as it was the day he met Daisy. Gatsby lived for an American dream. The truth was that Jay Gatsby of West Egg, Long Island, sprang from his Platonic conception of himself. He was a son of God - a phrase which, if it means anything, means just that. (Pg.104) Gatsby created himself to be his own hero, through the eyes of a seventeen year old boy. He began to wear that gold hat and rise in society with money, friends, and a love life he dreamed of returning. You see I usually find myself among strangers because I drift here and there trying to forget the sad thing that happened to me. (Pg.71-72) Gatsby smothered himself in popularity to try and block out the memory of the man he was before his change. He has been grieving for a love that he lost when drafted to the war. His only hope left is a green light across the bay which seems to shine through the unhappiness in Gatsby's life. Daisy, as pure and sweet as the flower itself, is the only thing left that is needed for him to complete his dream. He wanted nothing less of Daisy than that she should go to Tom and say, I never loved you. (Pg.116) We know that Gatsby is asking for to much of Daisy, he knows it too. Can't repeat the past? Why of coarse you can! I'm going to fix everything just the way it was before. (Pg.116-117) There is no convincing Gatsby, he truly believes he can go back to what once was. No one is ever able to relive something that happened so long ago. The past is behind you now, you must look straight ahead and see what is in your future. Gatsby did not want to look ahead he liked looking back better. Looking back into the past meant happiness, and looking forward meant confusion and sadness. Gatsby had worked so hard to fit Daisy's standards for a husband. He believed he was now a man who fit these standards. He was still the same man she fell in love with years ago, but he was now a wealthy man. Gatsby new deep down inside that the past could never be repeated. You can never return to something that was wonderful, and have it be the same. He himself would never say the words because he did not want to believe that he dreamt an impossible dream. Gatsby believed in the green light, the orgastic future that year by year recedes before us. It eluded us then, but that's no matter-tomorrow we will run faster, stretch out our arms farther.... And one fine morning (Pg.189) This green light of Gatsby's was an unknown part of the world to others. Nick knew it was something special to Gatsby. The special thing was the unknown. The green light which seemed so far away to begin with was now so close and so real. It was so close and real that he could almost reach out and touch it. Gatsby dies with out knowing if Daisy had fallen in love with him again. Was the time, effort, and money Gatsby put into himself and his surroundings worth

The Present Participle and Continuous Tenses

The Present Participle and Continuous Tenses The Present Participle and Continuous Tenses The Present Participle and Continuous Tenses By Maeve Maddox The present participle, together with a the verb to be, is used to create continuous tenses. Although a form of the verb, the present participle cannot be used as the main verb of a sentence. Trying to use it that way results in a sentence fragment: Playing in the lake. To function as a verb, the present participle must be used with a helping verb: The children are playing in the lake. Continuous tenses, also called progressive tenses, are used to describe a continuing action. The present, past, and future continuous tenses are formed with the present, past, or future of the verb to be and the present participle, i.e., the form of the verb that ends in -ing: I am running for my life. We were sitting in the hotel lobby. This time next week, we will be celebrating your birthday. In the comments to a post I wrote on the uses of sit and set, a reader brought my attention to an odd usage current in Britain. He provided this example: â€Å"The boy was sat on a rock by the harbour when the ship docked.† The meaning of the sentence calls for a continuous tense: â€Å"The boy was sitting on a rock by the harbour when the ship docked.† The action of sitting was going on at the time the ship docked. A post at the Oxford Dictionaries blog indicates that, while the usage may be popular among many speakers of British English, it’s not considered standard usage: I’ve noticed several instances of [] ‘She’s sat at the table eating breakfast’ or ‘we were stood at the bar waiting to be served’.   Aarrgghh!!!   This construction is still regarded as non-standard.OxfordWords blog â€Å"Was sat† for â€Å"was sitting† seems to be a dialect form that has crept into the British mainstream. It is to be hoped (OK, I hope) that it won’t catch on with U.S. speakers. According to the OED blogger, the aberration is limited to the verbs sit and stand: It is 2pm and  I am sat  in my parents’ living room, talking to one of the cats. We were stood at the bar waiting to be served. If the action is continuous and uncompleted, you need an -ing verb: It is 2pm and  I am sitting  in my parents’ living room, talking to one of the cats. We were standing at the bar waiting to be served. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Inquire vs Enquire45 Synonyms for â€Å"Old† and â€Å"Old-Fashioned†How to Treat Names of Groups and Organizations

Country Effect to Companies Success.Thailand Assignment

Country Effect to Companies Success.Thailand - Assignment Example It is only through sustained growth and development of the company in the new market that incomes and subsequently profits will be yielded on the investments. But questions have been asked as to why some companies succeed easily in new markets and why other struggle till collapse. Indeed, no single answer can be given to explain why this phenomenon is so. However, one fact that is inclusive in the many available options of answers the regard for the country effect (Lee-Ross and Mitchell, 2007). By country effect, reference is being made to the need to pay critical attention to rhythmic cultural and socio-economic behavioral pattern of the people within the country in which the company is situated (Garcia-Cabrera and Garcia-Sota, 2008). Studies have showed that the mistake that most modern companies make with the country effect and thus the regard for the cultural influence of the local people is that, they tend to take pride in globalization and thus think global and act global. In t his paper, an example is presented of how an entrepreneur in Thailand effectively made use of the country effect to his advantage, using the article of Brettel, Engelen and Heinemann (2008) as a case study. Consumer Perception and Ethics A regard for consumer perception and ethics is an important factor that determines success for entrepreneurs in Thailand. This is because according to Brettel, Engelen and Heinemann (2008), the perceptive and ethical values of the people of Thailand is carried directly into their consumer decision making as to which companies to do business with and which companies to withdraw from. Generally, these consumers would want companies to show high sense of integrity, ethical consideration and respect for social responsibility. Entrepreneurs who have become successful in Thailand have therefore been those who make as part of their organizational culture and climate, the respect for integrity, ethics and community development. Specific example is used with DHL Thailand in a separate study where the company made as part of its new market entry strategy, the need to throw themselves up to the people as the most trusted company. With the use of high moral standards through respect for privacy, timely delivery of parcels, concise charging of fees, and improved corporate social responsibility, the company became one of the fastest growing companies in Thailand (Baughn et al, 2006). In effect, it is always important to know the values that consumers cherish through consumer perception and ethics and rightly make these values showed in the company’s virtues. Consumer behavior and preferences Another study conducted has showed that the country effect and the exhibition of culture can be translated into the consumer behavior and preferences of the local people (Nguyen et al, 2009). That is t say that the kind and nature of goods and services that consumers will patronize depends largely on their country culture. Disregarding the countr y effect would therefore mean that companies and for that matter, entrepreneurs will offer goods and services that do not meet the preferences of consumers. As far as consumer behavior and preference is concerned, Brettel, Engelen and Heinemann (2008) explained that two key dimensions of country effect that comes to play in Thailand are collectivism and uncertainty avoidance. With collectivism, Thailand is ranked high, meaning there is high dependence on group in the society. In effect, the consumer behavior of individuals is influenced by what the masses accept to be true, real or authentic. With this in mind, entrepreneurs who h

The Persuasive Power of the Media Research Paper

The Persuasive Power of the Media - Research Paper Example In addition to that, the paper seeks to find out which models are most genuine when it comes to explaining the influence of media on society (Wimmer, 2010). Lastly, the paper will apply one of the theories to a current example in the media with the purpose of critiquing the model. The theories Various theories have been put forward to actually explain how media influences people and the power it has to do so. These are Cognitive dissonance theory, Communication accommodation theory, Spiral silence theory, Uses and Gratification theory and Symbolic interaction theory. Cognitive dissonance theory Proponents of this theory argue that experience of dissonance is always aversive and people always tend to ensure that they avoid it completely (Niklas, 2000). Dissonance, in this case, means incompatible believes and actions. In so doing, the theory puts it that people tend to seek and find out something that does not contradict their opinion or belief. They also seek to hear something that i s in line with their thinking and therefore make decisions that do not bring about feelings of dissonance. In explaining the influence that the media has on society, the theory argues that information delivered to the people through the mass media is made to be in line with what those in societies expect. The end process of all this is where the mass media is able to change the beliefs, attitude, and actions of people thereby influencing them. Communication accommodation theory The theory originated from the speech accommodation theory in communication skills. The main interest of this theoretical perspective is to explain what happens whenever two people are communicating and they shift their communication style. The theory argues that whenever people are communicating to others, they will always ensure that they shift their communication style to fit that of others (Stay, 2006). To ensure that this is achieved people always tend to either use convergence or a divergent approach to communicate to the mass.

Hamlet-sin and salvation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Hamlet-sin and salvation - Essay Example It is the difference between seeing purgatory strictly in the terms of the sins that brought the souls there and that talking about purgatory is a way of asking for salvation from the same. It is two opposing ways of reviewing Ophelia’s suicide. Sin and salvation are present throughout the main conflicts of the play, so sin and salvation, in general, is the main dichotomy of the play. Hamlet is about sin and salvation. One of Hamlet’s sin is his act of killing Polonius, which, in turn, led to Ophelia’s ultimate sin and presumptively usurped her chances for salvation. Hamlet kills Polonius in the Act 3, Scene 4, knowing full well what he was doing. He was in Gertrude’s suite, confronting her about how she could be with her own brother in law, when he heard Polonius’ cry from behind the tapestry. At this point, Hamlet plunges his dagger at the tapestry, pretending to kill a rat, but knowing that Polonius was behind the tapestry and was being murdered. This leads to Ophelia’s sin, in that Ophelia goes mad and kills herself because she was grieving for her father, and she was fragile in general. While non-religious people of today understand that suicide is not necessarily a sin, but, rather, a desperate act of a desperate person, this was not the case in the Elizabethan age, as suicide is considered to be the ultimate in sin. That Ophelia’s suicide was considered to be sinful is evident in both the speeches of the gravedigger who was digging her grave, and the priest who was conducting her funeral. For instance, the gravedigger showed evident disdain for Ophelia for killing herself when he stated that â€Å"the more pity that great folk should have countenance in this world to drown or hang themselves more than their even Christian† (V, i, 24-27). In other words, Ophelia was rich, and allegedly had more freedom to drown herself than the ordinary Christians, implying that most Christians do not have this

Study on phelan mcdermid syndrome

Study on phelan mcdermid syndrome Seventy-five percent of individuals with Phelan-McDermid Syndrome have pure 22q deletions, which are either terminal or interstitial. A terminal deletion involves a single break in the long arm of chromosome 22 that removes the distal portion. An interstitial deletion occurs when two breaks occur within the long arm of chromosome 22 and only the segment between the two breaking points is lost. In Phelan-McDermid Syndrome, terminal deletions occur more commonly than interstitial. As is the case for many other terminal deletion syndromes, the pure deletions most often occur on the chromosome that is inherited paternally. The remaining 25 percent of individuals with Phelan-McDermid Syndrome have deletions that result from other structural translocations or rearrangements (Phelan, 2007; Bonaglia et al., 2006). The mode of inheritance for 80 percent of affected individuals is a de novo chromosome deletion (Phelan, 2007). A de novo chromosome deletion is an anomaly that occurs in the individual and is not inherited from the parents, who have normal karyotypes (National Human Genome Research Institute, 2010). Thus, the recurrence risk of Phelan-McDermid Syndrome for the future pregnancies of parents with normal karyotypes is highly unlikely. However, about 20 percent of affected individuals experience a familial mode of inheritance in which one parent passes on an unbalanced chromosome. When a familial mode of inheritance is involved, there is an increased risk of having other affected pregnancies. Therefore, it is highly recommended for these parents to receive genetic counseling in order to address future recurrence risks (Cusmano-Ozog, Manning, Hoyme, 2007; Robin, 2008). Individuals with Phelan-McDermid Syndrome share a common phenotype that includes hypotonia, global developmental delay, normal to accelerated growth, severely delayed to absent expressive language, autistic-like behaviors, and dysmorphic features (ONeill, Kniffin, Hamosh, Dolan, McKusick, 2009). The first presenting symptoms of the syndrome, which begin to become evident during infancy, are usually hypotonia, feeding problems, and developmental delay (Phelan, 2008). Typical craniofacial characteristics of individuals with this syndrome include a high forehead, a disproportionately long and narrow head, puffy and drooping eyelids, large ears, a smooth philtrum without Cupids bow, a wide nasal tip, and a pointed chin. (Manning et al., 2004; Cusmano-Ozog, Manning, Hoyme, 2007). Other common physical traits are large, fleshy hands, swollen feet, syndactyly of the toes, and a chronic lack of perspiration that often leads to overheating (Havens, Visootsak, Phelan, Graham, 2004). Althoug h chronic otitis media is common, most individuals with this syndrome have normal hearing (Phelan, 2007). As noted, autistic-like behaviors are present. These include poor eye contact, self-stimulatory actions, tactile sensitivity, and a decreased interest in socializing. It has been suggested that Phelan-McDermid Syndrome is a type of syndromic autism (Phelan, 2008). Additional behavioral aspects present include an increased tolerance to pain, frequent mouthing and chewing of non-food objects, hyperactivity, short attention span, and, at times, aggression (Havens, Visootsak, Phelan, Graham, 2004; Philippe et al., 2008). Most individuals with Phelan-McDermid Syndrome experience a severe to profound intellectual disability (Phelan, 2007). The degree of phenotype expression and severity of Phelan-McDermid Syndrome are dependent upon the size of the deletion (Manning et al., 2004). The size of deletion varies from a very small 100 kilobases to a substantial 9 megabases. One hundred kilobases are equivalent to 100,000 deleted base pairs of DNA, and 9 megabases are equivalent to 9 million deleted base pairs of DNA (Phelan, 2008). Prasad and colleagues (2000) presented case studies of individuals affected by Phelan-McDermid Syndrome. Of their case studies, the patient with the largest deletion presented the most severe developmental delay in addition to other comorbid features, such as seizures. Recent findings have suggested that deletion of the SHANK3 gene, which is also called PROSAP2, is responsible for the neurological features of global developmental delay and severely delayed to absent expressive language that are demonstrated in individuals affected by Phelan-McDermid Syndrome (Durrand et al., 2007). The SHANK3 gene belongs to a family of proteins and it is involved in the formation and maintenance of synapses. This gene is located in the critical region for this syndrome, 22q13.3, and a deletion of the SHANK3 gene has been present in all reported cases of the syndrome. In fact, a SHANK3 gene deletion hot spot has been identified in numerous unrelated cases where the breakpoint has occurred in an essentially identical location. However, it is important to note that individuals who have the same type of SHANK3 gene deletion will still present different degrees of severity in their phenotype due to other confounding factors (Bonaglia et al., 2006). The first diagnosed case of Phelan-McDermid Syndrome was documented in 1985 (Prasad et al., 2000), and, since then, there have been more than 500 cases identified worldwide (Unique, 2008). Among the documented cases, the age at which individuals have been diagnosed with this syndrome has widely ranged from prenatally (with the use of amniocentesis) to 46 years of age (Cusmano-Ozog, Manning, Hoyme, 2007). Reportedly, the deletion does not have a gender preference as it is equally frequent in males and females. Because no life-threatening characteristics are associated with this syndrome, overall life expectancy is considered to be normal (Unique, 2008). This syndrome is highly under-diagnosed due to clinical and laboratory difficulties. Therefore, its true incidence is unknown. At the clinical level, healthcare professionals may be unfamiliar with or fail to notice the phenotypical characteristics associated with this syndrome that would warrant a referral for further cytogenetic testing (Phelan et al., 2001). Also, at the laboratory level, the deletion is often subtle and it can be undetected by a routine chromosome analysis. In fact, over 30% of individuals with Phelan-McDermid Syndrome have required two or more chromosome analyses to discover the deletion (Phelan, 2008). Thus, enhanced molecular cytogenetic testing, such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and array-based comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH), are utilized to verify the presence of the 22q13.3 deletion (Feenstra, Brunner, Van Ravenswaaij, 2006; Sathyamoorthi et al., 2009). FISH and array CGH are used to detect the deletion of a specific genetic segment in the chromosome that goes undetected due to its small size. These tests differ in that FISH focuses on a specific genomic region, while array CGH is able to focus on a specific region and test hundreds of additional genomic regions simultaneously during one experiment (Robin, 2008). By aiding in the detection of the 22q13.3 deletion, FISH and array CGH also assist in the differential diagnosis of Phelan-McDermid Syndrome. Several of its phenotypical features, such as hypotonia and global developmental delay, are also common features that are found in other disorders. Individuals with Phelan-McDermid Syndrome are often initially misdiagnosed with another condition until further testing is conducted. This syndrome is most commonly misdiagnosed as Angelman Syndrome or Velocardiofacial Syndrome (Phelan, 2008). Management Phelan-McDermid Syndrome is a life-long condition, and its management involves the assistance of several healthcare professionals. Among these professionals are the primary care physician, clinical geneticist, neurologist, physical therapist, and speech-language pathologist. The following are some of the responsibilities of these professionals with regard to this syndrome. In addition to providing routine medical treatment, the primary care physician is involved in noting the clinical presentation of the syndromes phenotype and referring a patient for genetic testing. The clinical geneticist is responsible for performing the cytogenetic testing that is necessary to confirm the diagnosis of Phelan-McDermid Syndrome. The neurologist and physical therapist will often work together to treat the hypotonia (Cusmano-Ozog, Manning, Hoyme, 2007; Phelan, 2008). Role of the Speech-Language Pathologist The hypotonia that begins to become evident during infancy usually results in feeding and swallowing difficulties. Thus, a speech-language pathologist is often necessary for the purpose of feeding and swallowing evaluations and intervention. Several behavioral aspects, such as hyperactivity, self-stimulatory actions, and attention difficulties, are often treated with medication. However, in addition to the physicians pharmacological approach, a speech-language pathologist can also help with the implementation of functional alternatives to these challenging behaviors. A speech-language pathologist will also focus on addressing the negative pragmatic aspects of this syndrome that include aversion to socializing and aggressiveness (Phelan, 2008). Many studies have found that individuals with Phelan-McDermid Syndrome have receptive language skills that are significantly greater than their expressive language abilities. Thus, these individuals often benefit from the use of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems. A speech-language pathologist can implement the use of AAC systems, such as a simple picture card system, so that individuals with Phelan-McDermid Syndrome who have significant language delays are able to better communicate with those around them (Havens, Visootsak, Phelan, Graham, 2004). Picture exchange communication systems (PECs), computer touch screens, and voice based systems are most commonly recommended for these individuals because these systems are compatible with their needs and the presence of hypotonia, which makes it difficult to communicate through other methods, such as sign language (Unique, 2008). In conclusion, individuals with Phelan-McDermid Syndrome exhibit a common phenotype that includes several cognitive, behavioral, and physical aspects. This syndrome is a life-long condition, and its management requires the help of a multidisciplinary team of professionals. The role of the speech-language pathologist in this syndrome is especially important due to the feeding and swallowing difficulties, challenging behaviors, and the significant communicative impairment experienced by individuals affected by Phelan-McDermid Syndrome.

From Communism to Democracy Essays -- Government Politics Essays

From Communism to Democracy More than half a decade has passed since the sweeping political events of 1989 and 1990 in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. On December 26, 1991, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ceased to exist . In its place are the Russian federation and 14 independent countries. The impact of this change was felt across the globe, from European countries with close economic ties with the USSR to countries as far away as Cuba and Algeria. The former republics experienced the hardest time in their existence, and entered a new period of their history. Independence meant a new life for people, but not many of them expected the results. At the time sovereignty was not clearly stated, and nobody could predict what ramifications would follow. The inhabitants of the region have had to balance the positive and negative aspects of the change. Most countries were left with nothing, and they had to start everything from the very beginning. As Shor in Nations in Transit stated, for many, democracy, freedom of association, and the removal of the Soviet bureaucracy have had a positive impact. But economic uncertainty, hunger, and poverty also increased. The former republics struggle to maintain the value of the money and a decent level of life for the citizens, but the attempt to do so is failing. Many branches of the new economy are still socialized, and reforms are necessary to fulfill a change. People think that a change from communism to democracy should bring a better life, but in reality those countries suffer a period of stagnation. There are many causes for such a situation, which are revealed in different aspects of life and history. The principles of communism p... ...nge, than the reality of raw political power. Economic and democratic reforms are complementary and heavily correlated. Countries with consolidated market economies, guided by the rule of law also made progress in consolidating their transition to democracy. A transition from Communism to Democracy means more freedoms and choices, but it also needs time. Political and economic freedom means more predictable, more transparent, more constitutional, less discriminatory, and less corruption-prone lawmaking and enforcement. An authorian government can hardly engage in economic reforms, or undergo a transition to liberal democracy, without simultaneously undergoing free market economic reforms. Author: Valentin Antoci (ed_valentine@hotmail.com) February 1999 Reproduction of the Text without the author's permition is considered plagiarism and is punishable by law. From Communism to Democracy Essays -- Government Politics Essays From Communism to Democracy More than half a decade has passed since the sweeping political events of 1989 and 1990 in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. On December 26, 1991, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ceased to exist . In its place are the Russian federation and 14 independent countries. The impact of this change was felt across the globe, from European countries with close economic ties with the USSR to countries as far away as Cuba and Algeria. The former republics experienced the hardest time in their existence, and entered a new period of their history. Independence meant a new life for people, but not many of them expected the results. At the time sovereignty was not clearly stated, and nobody could predict what ramifications would follow. The inhabitants of the region have had to balance the positive and negative aspects of the change. Most countries were left with nothing, and they had to start everything from the very beginning. As Shor in Nations in Transit stated, for many, democracy, freedom of association, and the removal of the Soviet bureaucracy have had a positive impact. But economic uncertainty, hunger, and poverty also increased. The former republics struggle to maintain the value of the money and a decent level of life for the citizens, but the attempt to do so is failing. Many branches of the new economy are still socialized, and reforms are necessary to fulfill a change. People think that a change from communism to democracy should bring a better life, but in reality those countries suffer a period of stagnation. There are many causes for such a situation, which are revealed in different aspects of life and history. The principles of communism p... ...nge, than the reality of raw political power. Economic and democratic reforms are complementary and heavily correlated. Countries with consolidated market economies, guided by the rule of law also made progress in consolidating their transition to democracy. A transition from Communism to Democracy means more freedoms and choices, but it also needs time. Political and economic freedom means more predictable, more transparent, more constitutional, less discriminatory, and less corruption-prone lawmaking and enforcement. An authorian government can hardly engage in economic reforms, or undergo a transition to liberal democracy, without simultaneously undergoing free market economic reforms. Author: Valentin Antoci (ed_valentine@hotmail.com) February 1999 Reproduction of the Text without the author's permition is considered plagiarism and is punishable by law.