Definition Of Quantitative Research Methods - 944 Words

Quantitative research methods are most generally worried with weighing criminological or criminal justice existence. In order for this method to be understood, there are numerous amounts of conditions which must be initially recognized. Concepts are hypothetical labels assigned on reality that are appointed binary characters, hence making them changeable. Variables are then investigated to inspect designs of affiliation, as well as a chain of reaction. At the most basic level, there exists at least one dependent variable and one independent variable. The dependent variable is commonly referred to as the outcome variable. This is what the researcher is attempting to predict. The independent variable is commonly referred to as the predictor variable, and it is the variable that causes, determines, or precedes in time the dependent variable (Encyclopedia of Crime and Justice, 2002). Consider the following examples. Even at the main level, one self-reliant, as well as one dependent varia ble is present. The self-reliant variable is frequently referred to as the end result variable. This variable is what the analyst is trying to guess. The dependent variable is most generally referred to as the fortune teller, and it is the one that provokes, concludes, or anticipates sooner or later the self-reliant variable. Opposed to quantitative research methods, qualitative methods are intended to seize existence as members encounter it, instead of in classifications decided in advance byShow MoreRelatedThe Definition Of Science And Research Methods1189 Words   |  5 Pagesbrief elaboration of the definition of science and research methods INTRODUCTION Science is a complex activity, which may be defined in a number of ways. To unite both the process and the product of science, one way to define science is as a process of constructing predictive conceptual models (Gilbert, 1991). Gilbert (1991) states, when referring to Kuhn (1970, Lunetta Hofstein (1981), Miller (1978) and Stevens Collins (1980) that in essence, ‘’the definition of science includes virtuallyRead MoreA Research Study On Using Northcentral University ( Ncu ) Dissertation1261 Words   |  6 Pagesrigorous process of developing a research topic, develop a research question, gathering information to examine the research question(s) and develop a hypothesis all the way to guidelines for submitting a dissertation for review. For this paper the NCU Concept Paper Template will be examined for its instructions on how to detail research methods for quantitative and qualitative studies. Quantitative Research Researchers or research teams who elect a quantitative study are going to determine the relationshipRead MoreComparing and Contrasting NCUs Concept Paper Requirements for Qualitative and or Quantitative Papers1409 Words   |  6 Pagesdissertation. Part of the dissertation process is to inquire and solve a hypothesis using some form of research method. This paper compares and contrasts NCU’s concept paper requirements for qualitative and or quantitative papers. Northcentral Expectation Both qualitative and quantitative concept designs share design elements. Sampson (2012) states that a good or enriched qualitative and or quantitative concept paper is a product of forethought. Northcentral University (NCU) provides its Doctoral studentsRead MoreQuantitative, Qualitative And Quantitative Methodologies804 Words   |  4 Pagesqualitative and quantitative methodologies in research, the trend of combining both qualitative and quantitative methodologies is widely used and increasingly articulated, attached to research practice and recognized as the third major research approach or research paradigm (Johnson, Onwuegbuzie Turner, 2007). As cited by Anaf and Sheppard (2007), Key in 1997 suggested the theory and meaning, qualitative and quantitative methodologies are distinct. A qualitative methodology’s focus of research is in itsRead MoreReasons For Social Science Research Essay1201 Words   |  5 PagesSCIENCE RESEARCHERS PREFER TO USE QUANTITATIVE METHODS. Introduction: The main purpose of this article is to introduce some important fundamental concepts of quantitative research to readers, especially social science researchers. It comprises types of research, definitions of quantitative research, different types and assumptions of quantitative research, when to use and not to use quantitative methods, advantages, common approaches and samples of quantitative research, and common misconceptions. TheRead MoreIn Defense of Qualitative Research Methods1591 Words   |  7 PagesTOPIC: Qualitative research is often said to be without structure, process and rigor. Discuss. NAME: Jepter Lorde SUBJECT: Qualitative Research Methods ABSTRACT The continued academic tension between qualitative and quantitative inquiry has continued unabated. Scholarship since the 1980s, to redefine both paradigms, attempt to bring balance and importance of the respective contribution of both research processes. This has resulted in an interesting shift for â€Å"ensuring structure, process and rigor†Read MoreQualitative Research : Quantitative Research Essay814 Words   |  4 PagesQualitative research is a kind of of scientific research which consists of an analysis that look for answers to a question, systematically uses a specific procedures to answer the question, gathers evidence, generate findings that are legit farther the limits of the study. Qualitative research has these characteristics. As an addition, it looks for to analyze the research problem or motif from the aspect of the local people who involves the study. Qualitative research is particularly effectiveRead MoreSOCIAL ENQUIRY METHODS assignment 1944 Words   |à ‚  4 Pages SATA FAHNBULLEH SOCIAL ENQUIRY METHODS ASSIGNMENT 1: RESEARCH METHODS If you wanted to examine young people’s experiences of homelessness, would you use qualitative methods, quantitative methods or a mixed methods approach? Explain your answer. Brief definition of homelessness The Australian Bureau of Statistic (2012) defines ‘homelessness’ based on a conceptual framework centredRead More Quantitative Research Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesQuantitative Research Quantitative research is based on statements such as anything that exists exists in a certain quantity and can be measured. While Thorndike’s statement from 1904 appears to be fairly innocent and direct, it staked an important philosophical position that has persisted in social science research throughout most to this century. (Custer, 1996, p. 3). In 1927, William F. Ogburn successfully lobbied to have Lord Kelvin’s motto: When you cannot measure, your knowledgeRead MoreQuantitative Methods Of Quantitative Research On Library Facilities Criteria, And User Satisfaction Criteria Essay1485 Words   |  6 Pagesqualitative method, studies on library facilities criteria, and user satisfaction criteria in UMP. 2.1 DEFINATION OF QUANTITATIVE METHOD Quantitative methods of data analysis can be of great value to the researcher who is attempting to draw meaningful results from a large body of qualitative data by Savitri Abeyasekera. The following definition, taken from Aliaga and Gunderson (2000), describes what we mean by quantitative research methods very well which is Quantitative research is ‘Explaining

Oppression and Spiritual Deterioration in William Blakes...

Oppression and Spiritual Deterioration in William Blakes Poem London London I wander thro each charterd street, 1 Near where the charterd Thames does flow, 2 And mark in every face I meet, 3 Marks of weakness, marks of woe. 4 In every cry of every Man, 5 In every Infants cry of fear, 6 In every voice, in every ban, 7 The mind-forgd manacles I hear: 8 How the Chimney-sweepers cry 9 Every blackning Church appalls, 10 And the hapless Soldiers sigh, 11 Runs the blood down Palace walls. 12 But most thro midnight streets I hear 13 How the youthful Harlots curse 14 Blasts the new-born Infants tear, 15 And blights with plagues the Marriage hearse. 16†¦show more content†¦The groups (Church, Palace, Husbands) are chastised by Blake for their contractual interest in others, but lack of responsible concern. In lines three and four, the author begins to point out the visual evidences of societys spiritual malaise. Blake uses the word mark several times to show the reader the problems he sees have outward signs--marks of weakness, marks of woe. In stanza two, Blake leaves the visible evidence for the audible evidence, and we begin to hear the groans of a fallen world. Man and infant cry--one in experience, one in innocence--yet, both in a fallen world, both raising a pained voice. From line three on, the poem is filled with mournful, weary, destructive sounds--the pounding out of the mind-forgd manacles; the sad weep! weep! of the chimney-sweeper (Blake 33); the dying soldiers sigh; the harlots explosive, withering curse. All of these sounds contribute to the picture of society reeling in the deadly stages of metastasizing cancer. Repetition is at its most concentrated use in stanza two where the word every is used five times (seven times overall in the poem). Blake certainly wants the reader to know that the signs of oppression and slavery are everywhere and on every face-- no one is exempt. In line seven, Blake again skillfully uses a word with multiple meanings. Ban can be a curse, condemnation, marriage proclamation, or young French soldier. As a

Research Proposal For Sainsbury Click Now To Get Solution

Question: Describe about the Research Proposal For Sainsbury? Answer: Executive summary: The report consist of a proper research proposal which would allow the reader to attain full knowledge about the UKs supermarket conditions regarding the ethical buyers and their needs, wants plus demands. Sainsburys Supermarkets actually is a global business and its entire buyers search world towards finding novel sources of novel supply to please the requirements of the UK customers. This research proposal is yet another mechanism to find out a way to satisfy and build happier customer base and also take away the problem of ethically unsatisfied customers who have rated the firm below its rivals. This proposal will ensure that the firm attains full knowledge about the problems and issues faced by the ethical buyers and reasons for their dissatisfaction. Also the study will supply the firm with several measures to overcome all these issues and then come out of the ill image. Introduction: Retail industry is the last step within the procedure of attaining products to the customers effectively and efficiently. In current globalized as well as competitive trade ecology, major problems plus concerns of the consumer satisfaction plus loyalty is how much ethically the firm is behaving and how much transparently is the organization supplying to the consumers. In this era of internet and computers every consumer has become extra information oriented and likes to attain maximum information regarding any product before the purchase and also intended to get full support from the firm even after purchase. Sainsbury is also worried that, in its effort to pull alongside the rivals like Tesco and many other the firms ethical reputation is slipping down (Behling, 1984). The ethical consumers in recent times were seen to rate Sainsbury at merely 2 out of the 20 points scale for all of their social as well as environmental record. This rating was extra lower as compared to rivals Waitr ose, Morrisons, Alde, Lidl plus Tesco. The firm Sainsbury also needs to address all such issues, and find out the way in which they can enhance their ethical image to all of its potential customers. Both Sainsbury as well as its suppliers must make sure that all of them meet each and every requirement that has been laid down within the law at point of the manufacture and also at place where they will be finally sold to customers (Benton and Cottle, 2000). Literature Review Mounting the ethical worries about impact of all the modern utilization culture upon the society plus the environment, rising distinction of such environmental as well as social issues in the mainstream media, appearance of the properly organized consumer protester groups plus also increasing attainability of the ethical products, all these have led towards a developing awareness regarding consumers of affect of their buying and also consumption behavior (Matherne, 2006). A very novel type of customer named as ethical consumer in present days has arisen. These are the ethically minded people who feel accountability towards environment and the society as well, and also seek to articulate all of their values via ethical consumption as well as purchasing. Growth plus popularization of this ethical culture has also inevitably attracted vast interest of the firms seeking to convene the needs and demands of all of their stakeholders also including the ethical consumers. Right from green be er which is a carbon neutral beer to a technology of hybrid car till a Fair Trade of endorsed tea as well as chocolate, all the marketing strategies have targeted at people who are ethical minded and are widely getting adopted to valve into potentially gainful ethical market sectors and to encourage ethically responsible as well as ecologically sustainable credentials of the goods, brands, services as well as firms (Brink and Wood, 2001). Companies also are more and more finding, that the ethically minded users do not forever walk their talk. Also there survives a break amid what consumers actually say they will be doing and what in reality do at point of purchase (Carrington, Neville and Whitwell, 2010). Within area of proper ethical consumerism the theory development also is in very early stage and even an established as well as widely conventional theoretical framework intended for decision creation of the ethical consumers yet is to be building up. Trying to understand purchase of the decision-making procedure of all the ethically minded users, scholars within this field have also drawn upon recognized theoretical frameworks right from the consumer behavior and also business ethics as well as social psychology sphere to the end of the same (Chate, 2007). These replicas lean to on the basis of cognitive looms, and focus upon internal procedure of the decision making (Yan, 2011). For instance, Rests model of the moral judgment as well as Hunt Vitells Theory for Marketing Ethics which is based upon foundations of the Rests mode also were initially developed for the business and the managerial ethics situation and also have from then been applied to the ethics of the consumers. These replicas have also been utilized to clarify un-ethical behavior like shoplifting, plus process of making of purchase decision within the ethical consumerism (Computers. Sainsbury goes shopping, 1975). Although four major supermarkets of UK might have developed few eye-catching and good ethical initiatives, like Sainsburys all-Fair-trade bananas as well as Tescos carbon labeling which is currently abandoned, they also remain firms with merely a very weak commitment towards addressing their ethical affects. Horsemeat-as-beef gossip, which shone the light on low cost supply chains of Aldi and Lidl, also surrounded Tesco plus Asda. In same way, issue of the slavery upon prawn-industry and its supply ships, also revealed that it drew in not merely Aldi yet also Tescoand even Co-operative. What is seen here is an international food scheme of such a size, dynamism as well as complexity which also attempts to uphold ethical benchmarks that are, at best, in a row to maintain (Davenport, 196 7). With an intention to overcome limitations intrinsic in cognitive frameworks of the ethical customer decision making preferential by the researchers of ethical consumerism, this study will propose an incorporated holistic framework which further will develop a proper cognitive loom, but will also help to recognize that the making of decision of the ethically minded users is very complex and also does not exist in separation from world exterior to their self cognitive procedures. Relevant characteristics of external ecology are also integrated within the cognitive framework, thus ensuring that conceptual replica reflects complexity of the real-life buying and also decision making of purchases (Davis, 1995). The interior and environmental elements integrated in conceptual replica are the elements of things that are said to be cognitive as well as behaviorist background, respectively. The cognitive viewpoint of the human behavior is also based upon mental processes which have a recognize d role within the behavior. Such viewpoint seeks to know the communication and association of the cognitive constructs, like beliefs, attitudes as well as intentions. Behaviorist viewpoint, in contrast, also are based upon the measurement of all the observable behavior, where ecology plays a vital role in the behavior. Intentionbehavior break, moreover, is not exclusively determined by cognitive assessment processes of the ethically minded users. Such consumers also encounter ecology outside of the thinking which also has a demonstrable consequence upon the present behavior (Day, 2007). In translation of the buying intentions into the buying behavior, ethically minded users enter in, and then interact with, the physical as well as social ecology which is the shopping environment. Regardless of the ethical intentions, all ethically minded customers rarely place the actual ethical goods in their basket. In spite of the pivotal nature of consumers, this phenomenon currently is poorly known as well as understood within ethical consumerism background (Turabian, 2007). Though firms not emphasizing on ethical issues are listed in the lowest of the catalogue yet buyers do not really emphasize on ethical goods. Its only talks when it comes to ethical buying and decision making. While addressing common gap amid the ethically minded users and ethical attitudes as well as their general non-ethical behavior, researchers have normally failed to take into consideration that purposes are not actually reliable proxy intended for the actual behavior with some exceptions (Denham, 1979). Purpose: This research will be used to analyze the UKs supermarket situation regarding ethical buyers as well as their needs and wants and also demands. Aims and objectives: Qualitative- To collect information about needs likings and demands of people and the extent to which they would like a firm to be ethical, this information might help firms to understand the customers and their likings. Quantitative- To collect data and information and analyze them through numerical methods to bring out measurable result which can be used as a benchmark in coming time. The overall aims and objectives of this proposal are to: Attain details about the ethical consumers needs and wants through filling up of questionnaires and undertaking face to face interviews. nsure that the firm gets to overcome the negatives and tries to attain good rating from the unsatisfied customers through satisfying them with all new products and features of the products. To attain back Sainsburys position in the market and in minds of its customers. Quantitative Research Aims- To find out the result non-quantitatively and deal with issues that cannot be counted and also cannot be measurable ones Ethical issues- Along with globalization of economy as well as off-shoring of the manufacturing plus servicing, purchasing spotlight also is focusing upon the one said as ethical sourcing which is the integration of all the human rights, safety and health plus every environmental consideration within a firms supply chain (Koski, 2003). UK supermarket segment has extra work to perform towards improving its largely ethical as well as ecological performance, Ethical buyers latest goods guide towards supermarkets also has claimed the same. Though all the supermarkets actually argue that generally they have long been good and proper for the consumers through keeping their food prices extra low as well as increasing the assortments for the users, critics have said that this has generally been at expense of the suppliers, who also complain that ever-shrinking borders, environment as well as crop diversity has affected them. The affect of the out-of-city supermarket growth on the town hubs have even come in and have brought several criticisms (Offredy and Vickers, 2010). Now it is high time and firms including the Sainsbury need to consider all the other available options, as few would also see them as shareholder-obliged and even profit-oriented, monolithic firms that are current days supermarkets (Omar and Kent, 1996). The outlets of Sainsbury must try to offer on the basis of eight basic principles and they are: go local Select seasonal Protect the nature Support the ethical Think welfare Accumulate fish End the waste as well as avoid processed (Peckham, 1967). The brands will get stocked providing that they are extremely rated by Ethical Consumer Index that also supplies rankings of above 40,000 firms, brands as well as products. Sainsbury needs to emphasize on a statement which says that "If it could be regional, we would source it regionally," and "If it is not local, we would make sure it is at least British. If we cannot get it right from here, then we would ensure it is reasonably traded from wherever in abroad." The consideration that can be taken by Sainsbury to attain the market share can be as follows: Employment must be freely chosen and there must not be any forced, bonded otherwise instinctive prison labor. The firm must constantly strive for growth and improvement and should identify that several ethical trade problems could take time as well as effort must be taken to resolve the issues (How to Prepare Manuscripts for Publication in Journal of Materials Research, 1988). The firm also needs to convince its suppliers to perform towards fulfillment of all the Code of Conduct of the firm The firm needs to monitor its supply chain and then recognize significance of being conscious of all the labor practices within its supply chain and need towards monitoring, evaluation and acting on data about its suppliers as well as developers performance. The firm must try to build its capacity and also enhance others ability like of the colleagues as well as of its suppliers and staffs. The firm must try to be totally transparent and should aim to be clear while dealing with all the suppliers and stakeholders (Jones, 1988). Analysis And Interpretation (Quantitative research) Aims and objectives- Aims of qualitative research will be to know the situation and analyze the same on basis of data attained by the research and thereby bring out a measurable result. The study resulted in the publics answer about the issues they were facing with the unethical selling by Sainsbury. The detailed analysis of the questionnaire is mentioned below: Question 1 Do you feel Sainsbury is supplying ethical goods and services to its customers? 70% of consumers gave answer in negative whereas only 30% were in favor of the statement and said that Sainsbury is supplying ethical goods and services. People also said that the firm does not take initiatives in ethical selling and in current world of ethical and green selling and production all the other rivals in the market are taking proper initiatives towards this field. Question 2 Do you purchase Ethical products? 80% of buyers tend to buy ethical products and only 20% were not worried about ethics while buying. These 80% were those who considered the green facts and environmental issues while purchasing. Though ethical buying is not seen at the time when customers actually reach point of purchase yet people said they considered ethical facts before taking any purchase decision. Question 3 Do you try to attain full information about product before taking purchase decision about the same? 50% of buyers said that they attained total information about the goods and services before buying them whereas 50% said that they were least interested about the fact and believed that Sainsbury being a well known brand would never provide anything bad or harmful and trusted the firm totally. This brought in positivity for the firm and peoples trust in the firm was a positive sign for the organization to exist for longer period of time. Question 4 Do you consider product labeling while purchasing? Majority of people said that they considered product labeling while purchasing. Many said that they see the labels but do never try to attain any external detail or any information through previous customers or any buyers feedback before buying from Sainsbury store. Question 5 Are you happy with the products supplied by Sainsbury? This was 50- 50 situation. Some people were happy whereas some were not really happy and some were happy to some extent with the products they purchased from Sainsbury stores. People who were actually happy were the one who were very loyal to the firm and used to intend all of their purchases from the Sainsbury store. Half of the people surveyed were seen unhappy with the firm and the organization needs to take initiatives to make them feel satisfied. Question 6 Do you think ethics is needed while taking any purchase decision? 90% of customers agreed to this fact that ethics was very essential while purchasing any goods and services from any brand or retail store. Though many people were seen not following the rules and also not indulging this into real life practice but many were seen practicing the same as well. Question 7 To what degree would you feel yourself like ethical consumer? Majority of people felt that they were ethical buyers and that they followed all the facts related to ethics while taking any purchase decision. Research methods: Method- Qualitative- The research method followed here was descriptive research which described the phenomena as it existed. It was be used because it helped in identifying and obtaining information about the elements and characteristics of the UK supermarket and players in the market as well as complaints and problems of ethical buyers with Sainsbury. Also in the later part of the study some kind of Analytical research was carried through whicha continuation of the descriptive research was undertaken. Here the study aimed to move beyond just describing and explaining of the characteristics, towards analyzing and explaining why otherwise how things are now happening. Quantitative- Set of questions will be used to collect data. The information collected was quantitative, as well as qualitative both and some statistical tool or techniques were also used at later phase to summarize total information (deWitt and deWitt, 2008). Therefore, such an analytical research helped to understand the phenomena through discovering as well as measuring the causal relationship among all the players in the UK supermarket (Drummer and Bassed, 2013). Research process- Quantitative research- At this point the study attained anobjectivelocation, and the main approach of the research was to delight phenomena as being hard plus real. The method used here was a survey method and it actually attempted to properly test hypotheses otherwise statements along with a sight to generalize from detailed data that was collected. This loom typically concentrated upon measuring otherwise counting and also involved collecting as well as analyzing of all the numerical data as well as applying of the statistical tests (Durai, 2008). Qualitative research The main view of phenomena was to investigate and attain information personally. Methods likes personal accounts and unstructured interviews as well as participant observation were also used to gain proper understanding of underlying causes as well as motivations intended for peoples particular behavior, attitudes and preferences about the products supplied by UK supermarkets. With such a loom, the emphasis was more upon generating proper hypotheses from data collection and not on the testing of the hypothesis (Felix, 1952). Sampling plan- Qualitative- Some secondary research was done to find out the result. Also people were at times observed and their behavior was noted down. Quantitative- The sampling plan used is asingle-phase sampling planwhich states that a definite number of samples were drawn as well as inspected. The number mainly was decided on the basis of the size of batch. This study indulged a small sample of 100 customers who were interviewed and their answers were noted down for analyzing the reasons behind the dissatisfaction of people and behind the populace disliking Sainsbury when it came to ethical selling and buying (Flanders, 1990). Sampling frame- The total list of population that was studied was UK local stores of Sainsbury where people were found to be complaining about ethical concerns and demanding for ethically appropriate goods and services (Free, n.d.). Sample size- Qualitative- The sample size undertaken for the study was 100. And also some secondary study was undertaken Quantitative- The sample size undertaken for the study was 100. Data Collection Procedure Qualitative- Observation method was used Quantitative-The method used for data collection was a questionnaire method. A set of some similar questions regarding the ethical concerns of customers and their satisfaction level when matter was about Sainsbury was prepared and this set was distributed among chosen sample randomly. People filled the questionnaire and returned them back to the person concerned (Some ethical issues, 1977). Creating a focused group- A set of people will be needed by the firm who will be specialized in the task of data collection and analysis of the same. These people can be recruited from within the firm that is any old employee or set of staffs and even can be recruited externally who will be totally new to the firm. There will be some basic characteristics of this group that has to be considered. They: Will be guided discussion groups that would help in generating a very rich understanding about a particular participants experience as well as beliefs. Must not belong to any educational sessions otherwise support groups. The firm needs to listen plus learn from all of them and not any vice versa (Freidberg, 2003). Conducting a properly focused group- Planning- A proper planning for recruitment of such group is a vital part of the study. This study of market will need a proper set of people who are experts in the field of market research and surveys. A good planning for any such study needs appropriate preparation before recruitment of these people. Recruiting- Recruiting such experts is a vital task. These experts need to get recruited either through internet or via personal approach like any past relation of the firm with the experts (Gardner and Beatty, 1980). Principles for the prepared questionnaire: Short and precise- the questionnaire was kept short and very precise so that people dont get bored while filling the same. Simple words- Simple English language and all simple and easy understandable words were used so that people do not feel it difficult to be answered No personal issues- The questionnaire did not ask answers on any personal issues and matters this helped people to feel relaxed and comfortable while answering the questionnaire Initiated with interesting ones- The questionnaire initiated with few interesting questions that made people eager to read the other ones as well Logical order- A good and logical pattern was followed while preparing the questionnaire and no haphazard path was followed as that might confuse people. Naming- A heading was given on the top so that people could understand the reswon for the survey; this made few people understand the cause of survey by only giving a single look to the questionnaire. Data presentation- The data will be presented in the form of pie charts and the analysis will be done through percentage method where the positive and negative answers will be calculated through percentage and the ratio for the same will be attained (Gatrell, Bierly and Jensen, 2005). Coding- The coding of interview question will be most important part while evaluating and analyzing the questions. Here the researcher will need to write the solution upon aproper whiteboardotherwise on aportion of paperinitially (Sainsbury, 2003). This would be more like real thing, as well as the researcher can type up plus test the code later. Practice as well as interview with language with which researcher is more comfortable likeJava, C, Python, C++, C# otherwise Ruby and many more and also a standard choice needs to be made. Here coding will be done through JavaScript and Action Script and few more languages for interviews along with firms that utilize them (Harvey, 2000). Limitations There were several limitations observed in the study. They were: The main limitation of study was small and the sample which was non-probable of the convenience. Because to the financial constraints, study was also under-powered, and therefore, did not attain proper statistical significance and importance (Knowledge network to give UK manufacturers a competitive edge: Lord Sainsbury, 2006). The sample size, convenience, as well as homogeneity limited the generalizing ability of the study. Other limitation was seen that measurements as well as intervention were actually made with no blinding of researcher towards experimental group, and this has potential for proper biasness. The study had very less time limit due to which proper research was not made and some areas were left untouched Many people were seen unwilling to answer the questions and were not very much interested in lending ears to the researcher. The study indulged pie chart method and percentage method which was at times seen not reliable especially for open ended questions (Harvey, 2000). Proposed Time Frame TASK NAME December January February March April May June July August Market research Questionnaire distribution Analysis of the questionnaire Analysis of result and planning further actions Implementing the actions Analysis after implementation Final fixing up of the plan Source: (Jones, 1988), (Maylor, 2001) Conclusion: The firm Sainsbury has been observed to be unlike by many consumers due to no emphasis upon the ethical selling of goods as well as services. Finally, intended for all those who are determined about avoiding high-streetsellersaltogether, the Ethical Consumer things to see so-called options supermarket systems which also unite the food retail vents with a proper focus upon ecological and also social ethics. The firm intends to undertake a study to analyze its position in the market and has seen that the actual position is shrinking. This study would help the firm to take further steps towards enhancing its position. References: Behling, J. (1984). Guidelines for preparing the research proposal. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. Benton, R. and Cottle, S. (2000). Research Article: How Well Do Universities Prepare New Environmental Managers?. ENP, 2(03), p.247. Bergstrom, N. and Baun, M. (1994). The proposal-reality gap: The mechanics of implementing a funded research proposal. Nursing Outlook, 42(6), pp.272-278. Brink, P. and Wood, M. (2001). Basic steps in planning nursing research. Boston: Jones and Bartlett. Carrington, M., Neville, B. and Whitwell, G. (2010). Why Ethical Consumers Dont Walk Their Talk: Towards a Framework for Understanding the Gap Between the Ethical Purchase Intentions and Actual Buying Behaviour of Ethically Minded Consumers. Journal of Business Ethics, 97(1), pp.139-158. Chate, R. (2007). Study limitations. Br Dent J, 202(12), pp.705-705. Computers. Sainsbury goes shopping. (1975). Electron. Power UK, 21(9), p.550. Davenport, H. (1967). Research versus Teaching: A Research Proposal. BioScience, 17(3), pp.156-156. Davis, J. (1995). An Ethical Debate: Ethical issues. BMJ, 310(6983), pp.858-858. Day, M. (2007). UK government invites bids for general practices in supermarkets. BMJ, 334(7594), pp.605-605. Denham, W. (1979). RESEARCH DESIGN AND RESEARCH PROPOSAL CHECKLISTS. Anthropology News, 20(4), pp.9-11. deWitt, P. and deWitt, C. (2008). RESEARCH ARTICLE: How Long Does It Take to Prepare an Environmental Impact Statement?. ENP, 10(04), p.164. Drummer, O. and Bassed, R. (2013). HOW TO WRITE A RESEARCH PROPOSAL AND CONDUCT PRODUCTIVE RESEARCH. Pathology, 45, p.S23. Durai, R. (2008). How to prepare for a research viva. Br J Hosp Med, 69(Sup10), pp.M152-M153. Felix, R. (1952). Questionnaries; Problem and a Proposal.. Nursing Research, 1(2), p.46. Flanders, W. (1990). Limitations of the Case-Exposure Study. Epidemiology, 1(1), pp.34-38. Free, C. (n.d.). Walking the Talk? Supply Chain Accounting and Trust Among UK Supermarkets and Suppliers. SSRN Journal. Freidberg, S. (2003). Cleaning up down South: Supermarkets, ethical trade and African horticulture. Social Cultural Geography, 4(1), pp.27-43. Gardner, D. and Beatty, G. (1980). Dissertation Proposal Guidebook. Springfield: Charles C Thomas Publisher, LTD. Gatrell, J., Bierly, G. and Jensen, R. (2005). Research design and proposal writing in spatial science. Berlin: Springer. Harvey, M. (2000). Innovation and competition in UK supermarkets. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 5(1), pp.15-21. How to Prepare Manuscripts for Publication in Journal of Materials Research. (1988). MRS Bull., 13(09), pp.50-51. Jones, C. (1988). The Three-Dimensional Gantt Chart. Operations Research, 36(6), pp.891-903. Knowledge network to give UK manufacturers a competitive edge: Lord Sainsbury. (2006). Anti-Corrosion Meth Material, 53(3). Koski, G. (2003). Ethical Issues in Antiepileptic Trials: Old Issues in a New World. Epilepsia, 44, pp.16-18. Matherne, B. (2006). "Walk the Talk": Developing Personal Ethical Agency Through a Business Partnership Program. Journal of Management Education, 30(1), pp.106-133. Maylor, H. (2001). Beyond the Gantt chart:. European Management Journal, 19(1), pp.92-100. Offredy, M. and Vickers, P. (2010). Developing a healthcare research proposal. Chichester, West Sussex, U.K.: Wiley-Blackwell. Omar, O. and Kent, A. (1996). Manufacturers' food brands: Assessment of marketing opportunities in the UK supermarkets. J Brand Manag, 3(5), pp.327-336. Peckham, M. (1967). Art and Creativity: Proposal for Research. Art Education, 20(4), p.5. Sainsbury, L. (2003). Comment: The UK Government's strategic approach to the biotechnology industry. J Commer Biotechnol, 9(3), pp.189-191. Sainsbury, P. (1981). The Financial Base of Independent Film Production in the UK. Screen, 22(1), pp.41-54. SOME ETHICAL ISSUES. (1977). Anthropology News, 18(9), pp.14-14. Turabian, K. (2007). A manual for writers of research papers, theses, and dissertations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Yan, R. (2011). How to write a research grant proposal [Student's Corner]. IEEE Pulse, 2(5), pp.8-9.

Was A Military Struggle Fought Principally In Kuwait And Iraq During J

Was a military struggle fought principally in Kuwait and Iraq during January and February 1991. The crisis began in August 1990, when Iraq, led by President Saddam Hussein, invaded and annexed Kuwait. Between August and November the United Nations Security Council passed a series of resolutions that culminated in the demand that Iraq withdraw unconditionally from Kuwait by January 15, 1991. By that time, some 500,000 allied ground, air, and naval forces?chiefly from the United States, Saudi Arabia, Great Britain, Egypt, Syria, and France?were arrayed against an Iraqi army estimated at that time to number 540,000. Under the command of U.S. General H. Norman Schwarzkopf, the multinational coalition began intensive aerial bombardment of military targets in Iraq and Kuwait within 24 hours after the UN deadline expired, using advanced weaponry such as laser-guided bombs and cruise missiles, as well as conventional weapons. After establishing air superiority, coalition forces disabled Iraq's command and control centers, especially in Baghdad and Al Basrah of transport and communication between Baghdad and the troops in the field; and relentlessly attacked Iraq's infantry, which was dug in along the Saudi-Kuwaiti border, and the 125,000-man Republican Guard in southeastern Iraq and northern Kuwait. Some Iraqi aircraft were shot down; many more were bombed in shelters or fled to Iran. Iraq retaliated by using mobile launchers to fire Scud missiles at Saudi Arabia and Israel, a noncombatant; the U.S. countered this threat with patriot antimissile missiles. In mid-February, with its military and civilian casualties rapidly mounting, Iraq signaled its willingness to withdraw from Kuwait. A series of conditional Iraqi offers, mediated by the Soviet Union, were rejected by the coalition. Instead, allied forces began a coordinated air-land offensive, breaching Iraq's main line of defense at the Saudi-Kuwaiti border and swiftly advancing through southern Iraq to outflank the main Iraqi force and cut off the Republican Guard's principal avenue of retreat. Within 100 hours, the city of Kuwait had been liberated, and ten of thousands of Iraqi troops had deserted, surrendered, or been captured or killed. Coalition combat losses were astonishingly light: as of February 28, when offensive operations were suspended, only 149 allied troops had been killed and 513 wounded. Damage to Kuwait was extensive, however, as retreating Iraqi forces looted the capital and set fire to most of Kuwait's oil wells. Iraqi representatives accepted allied terms for a provisional truce on March 3 and a permanent cease-fire on April 6. Iraq agreed to pay reparations to Kuwait, reveal the location and extent of its stockpiles of chemical and biological weapons, and eliminate its weapons of mass destruction. Subsequently, however, UN inspectors complained that the Baghdad government was frustrating their attempts to monitor Iraqi compliance. The war in the Persian Gulf was a war of religios fervor, and cruel leadership. Desert Storm was the same type of war that had occured in this area for many years except for one fact. In Operation Desert Storm, sophisticated technology was used to end the war in a quick and timely manner. In 1979 Saddam Hussien took control of Iraq, and immediatly set the tone for his rule by killing 21 of his cabinet members. He wanted to make his country whole once again so in 1990 he invaded Kuwait and in less than 4 hours he had taken Kuwait and controlled 24% of the worlds oi l supplies. It seemed as if his next target was Saudi Arabia. This was where the United States entered after a call for protection by Saudi Arabia. The United States set a deadline, January 15, 1991 for all Iraq forces to be out of Kuwait, but Saddam ignored the deadline. That triggered Desert Shield, or the build-up of troops in the region and eventually lead to Desert Storm, a all-out attack to free Kuwait. It can be clearly said that due to the extreme power and sophistication of the U.S. and her allies that Saddam and his tiny nation of 17 million people stood no chance against the military might that is the United States and its Allies. Chronology: Important Events 1990 Hussein accuses Kuwait on 17 July of oil overproduction and theft of oil from the Rumailia Oil Field. 1990 On 25 July US Ambassador to Iraq, April